CAT 
becaufe the opinion the ancients had of it, that it 
was a ftrong, and almoft invincible inducement to 
love.] Candia Lions Foot. 
The Characters are. 
The flower is compofed of many hermaphrodite florets , 
ihofe on the border being longer than thofe which are in 
the center ; thefe are included in one common fcaly empale- 
ment , which is permanent and elegant . The florets are of 
one leaf tongue-fhaped , indented in five parts , and are 
longer than the empalement ; thefe have each five fnort hairy 
flamina , terminated by cylindrical fummits. The germen 
is fituated below the flower , fupporting a fender flyle the 
length of the flamina , crowned with a bifid ftigma which 
is reflexed. The germen afterward becomes a fingle oval 
feed , which is comprefled and crowned with briftles , in- 
ch fed in the empalement. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedion of 
Linnaeus’s nineteenth clafs, intitled Syngenefia Poly- 
garnia sequalis; the flowers of this clals have their 
flamina feparate, and their fummits connected toge- 
ther in a cylinder, and thofe of this fedion have only 
hermaphrodite flowers. 
The Species are, 
j. Catananche (■ Carulea ) fquamis calycinis inferiori- 
bus ovatis. Hort. Cliff. 390. Catananche whofe under 
fcales of the empalement are oval. Catanance quorundam. 
Lugd. Hift. 1190. 
2. Catananche ( Lutea ) fquamis calycinis inferioribus 
lanceolatis. Hort. Cliff 390. Catananche whofe under 
fcales of the empalement are fpear-Jhaped. Catanance flo- 
re luteo, latiore folio. Tourn. Infl. R. H. 478. 
Tournefort mentions a third fort with a narrow leaf, 
in which it differs from the fecond ; but if there is 
fuch a diflind fpecies, I have not happened to meet 
with it •, for although I have frequently received the 
feeds from feveral parts of Europe by this title, yet 
I could not find any difference between the plants, and 
thofe of the fecond fort; therefore I fuppoie Tourne- 
fort may have found the plants growing on a flerile 
foil, where the leaves were much narrower than thofe 
growing in a garden, or in better ground, which may 
have induced him to fuppofe they were diflind fpe- 
cies. Both thefe plants grow naturally in the fouth 
of France, in Spain, Italy, and Candia, from whence 
it had the title of Candia Lions Foot. 
The firft fort fends out many long, narrow, hairy 
leaves, which are jagged on their edges like thofe of 
Buckfhorn Plantain, but the leaves are broader, the 
jags deeper, and at greater diflances ; thefe lie flat 
on the ground, turning their points upwards, which 
are very narrow. Between the leaves come out the 
fiower-flalks, which are in number proportionable to 
the fize of the plant ; for from an old thriving root, 
there is frequently eight or ten, and young plants do 
not fend out more than two or three. Thefe ftalks rife 
near two feet high, dividing into many fmall branches 
upward, garnifhed with leaves like thofe below, but' 
are fmaller, and have few or no jags on their edges : 
each of the foot-ftalks are terminated with fingle 
heads of flowers, having a dry, flivery, fcaly empale- 
ment, in which are included three or four florets, 
whofe petals are broad, flat, and indented at their 
ends ; thefe are of a fine blue colour, having a dark 
fpot at bottom, and in each the five flamina, with 
their yellow fummits. Handing a little above the pe- 
tal, make a pretty appearance. 
It has been by fome authors titled Chondrilla cserulea, 
i. e. Blue Gum Cicory ; and by others Sefamoides, or 
Catanances Sefamoides. Cafpar Bauhin calls it Chon- 
drilla cserulea cyani capitulo. Pin. 130. Blue Gum Ci- 
cory with a Blue Bottle head. There is a variety of this 
with double flowers, which is not very common in 
the Englifh gardens. 
The fecond fort hath broader leaves than the firft, 
which are fmoother, and lefs jagged on their edges : 
from each root arife two or three ftalks, which grow 
a foot .and a half high, fending out two or three {len- 
der foot- ftalks, each fuftaining a fingle head of yel- 
low flowers, inclofed in a dry fcaly empalement, of a 
darker colour than thofe of the firft : as thefe flow- 
C A T 
ers are fmall, they make but little appearance* 
therefore the plant is only kept for the fake of va- 
riety. 
The firft of thefe plants is a perennial, and may be 
propagated by heads taken off the mother plant, ei- 
ther in fpring or autumn •, but thofe plants which are 
raifed from feeds, are much ftronger than thofe from 
flips. Thefe plants are commonly planted in pots 
filled with light fandy foil,, in order to fhelter them in 
the winter from fevere frofts ; but if they are planted 
in warm borders, either near walls, pales, or hedges, 
in a moderately dry foil, they will endure abroad very 
well. It begins flowering in May, and con- 
tinues till Auguft or September (efpecially if the fum- 
mer is not too dry,) is a pretty ornament to a gar- 
den, and is eaflly kept within bounds. This may alfo 
be propagated by feeds, which fhould be fown in a 
border of good light earth in March ; and in May, 
when the plants are come up, they may be either 
tranfplanted into pots or borders, where they are to 
remain for flowering. Thefe plants fhould remain 
unremoved when they are planted in the full ground, 
which will caufe them to flower better, and they 
will produce more feeds. The feeds ripen in Au- 
guft. 
The other fort is an annual plant, and. therefore only 
propagated by feeds, which ripen very well in this 
country. The time for lowing them is early in 
March, in beds or borders of light earth where they 
are to remain, which will come up in a month or five 
weeks time, and require no other care butto keep them 
clean from weeds, and thin the plants where they are 
too clofe. Thefe flower in June, and perfed their feed* 
in Auguft or September ; but as they have little 
beauty, they are not often kept in gardens. 
CATAPUTI A Major. See Ricinus. 
CATAPUTIA Minor. See Euphorbia. 
C ATARI A. See Nepeta. 
CATCH-FLY. See Lychnis. 
CATERPILLARS. 
There are feveral kinds of this infed, which are very 
pernicious to a garden ; but there are two forts which 
are the moft common, and deftrudive to the young 
plants : one of them is that which the white butterfly 
breeds. It is of a yellowifh colour, fpotted and 
ftriped with black ; this commonly infells the tender 
leaves of Cabbages, Cauliflowers, and the Indian 
Crefs : they eat off all the tender parts of the leaves, 
leaving only the fibres entire ; fo that very often we 
fee, in the autumn feafon, whole gardens of winter 
Cabbages and Savoys almoft deftroyed by them, efpe- 
cially in thofe which are crouded with trees, or are 
near buildings. They always increafe moft in very 
dry feafons ; and when the plants have been Hinted 
by the drought, they are conftantly attacked ; where- 
as, thofe which are in vigour, feldom fuffer much by 
thofe infeds. Nor is there any other method found 
out to deftroy them that I know of, but to pick them 
off the plants before they are lpread from the nefts ; 
by which means, though perhaps many may be over- 
looked, yet their numbers will be greatly diminifh- 
ed. But this work mull be often repeated during the 
warm weather, when the butterflies are abroad, which 
are continually depofiting their eggs, and in a few 
days time will be metamorphofed to perfed caterpil- 
lars. But as thefe, for the moft part, feed upon the 
outer leaves of plants, fo they are more eafily taken 
than the other fort, which is much larger : hire {kin 
is very tough, and of a dark colour : this is called by 
the gardeners, a grub, and is exceeding hurtful. 
The eggs of this fort of caterpillar, are, for the 
moft part, depofited in the very heart or center of the 
plant (efpecially in Cabbages ;) where, after it hath 
obtained its form, it eats its way out through all the 
leaves thereof; and alfo their dung, being lodged 
between the inclofed leaves of the Cabbages, gives 
them an ill feent. 
This infed alfo burrows juft under the furface of the 
ground, and makes great havock on young plants, 
by eating them through their tender fhanks, and draw- 
ing 
