C E L 
mg open like thofe of the common Mullein, but are 
not fo regular ; the fhort tube being turned down- 
ward, and the lower fegments being larger than the' 
upper, and the fta m i n a be i n g u n e q u a! , have occafioned 
Linnaeus- to remove it to his ringent flowers. The 
feed-veftel is round, cornprefled, and hath two cells 
filled with fmall feeds. It flowers in June, and the 
feeds ripen in September : if the feeds of this plant 
are fown upon a warm dry border as icon as they are 
ripe, the plants will often come up and live through 
the winter, provided the foil is poor ; for in rich 
ground they are apt to grow rank, and then they are 
generally deftroyed by the early frofts, or will rot 
with much wet ; but it the plants fhould not rife the 
fame autumn, there will be little hazard of their 
growing the following spring. When the plants come 
up, they will require no other care but to keep them 
clean from weeds, and thin them if they are too clofe; 
for they do not bear removing well, fo fhould be fown 
where they are intended to remain. 
I have fometimes, when the feafons have proved 
warm, had ripe feeds from plants fown in the fpring; 
but this cannot be depended on, therefore it is much 
better to fow the feeds in autumn. 
CELT IS. Tourn. Ml. R. H. 612. tab. 383. Lin. 
Gen. Plant. 1012. The Lote or Nettle-tree, in 
French Micocoulier. 
The Characters are, 
It hath male and hermaphrodite flowers on the flame tree : 
the hermaphrodite flowers are fingle , and Jituated above 
the male. The empalement of the hermaphrodite flower 
is divided into five parts , in which there are no petals , 
but five jhort flamina terminated by thick quadrangular 
flummits , which have four furrows. In the center is Ac- 
tuated an oval germen , flupporting t-zvo reflexed ftyles 
crowned by a fingle ftigma. The germen afterward becomes 
a round berry with one cell , inclofing a roundijh nut. The 
male flowers have their empalement s divided into fix parts, 
and -have no germen or flyle, but in other parts like the 
hermaphrodite. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedlion of 
Linnaeus’s twenty-third clafs, intitled Polygamia Mo- 
noecia, from the fame tree having male and herma- 
phrodite flowers. 
The Species are, 
1. Celtis (Auftralis) foliis lanceolatis acuminatis, fer- 
ratis, nervofis. Nettle-tree with fpear-Jkapcd pointed 
leaves , which are veined and l 'awed on their ed?es. Celtis 
_ , t J o 
iructu mgncante. Tourn. Mil. 612. Lote-tree with a 
black fruit. 
t. Celtis ( Occidentals ) foliis oblique-ovatis, ferratis, 
acuminatis* Lin. Sp. Plant. 1044. Nettle-tree with 
oblique , oval, pointed leaves , which are flawed on their 
edges. Celtis fruftu obfcure purpurafcente. Inll. R. 
H. 612. Lote-tree with a dark purple fruit. 
3. Celtis ( Orientalis ) foliis ovato-cordatis, denticulatis, 
petiolis brevibus. Nettle-tree with oval heart-jhaped 
leaves, /lightly indented, and floort footflalks.. Celtis 
orientalis minor, foliis minoribus & crafiioribus, fru&u 
fiavo. Mil. Cor. 42. Smaller Eaftern Lote-tree with 
/mailer and thicker leaves, and a yellow fruit. 
4. Celtis ( Americana ) foliis oblongo-ovatis, obtufis, 
nervofis, fuperne glabris, fubtus aureis. Nettle-tree 
with oblong, obtufle, nervous leaves, which are fmooth on 
their upper fur face , and of a gold colour beneath. Celtis 
foliis citrii fubtus aureo, fruftu rubro. Plum. Cat. 18. 
Ijote-tree with Citron leaves , of a gold colour on their under 
fide, and a red fruit. 
The firft fort grows naturally in the fouth of France, 
in Spain and Italy, where it is one of the largeft trees 
of thole countries : yet this is not fo plenty in Eng- 
land as the fecond, nor do I remember to have feen 
but two large trees of this fort in the Englifh gardens; 
one of which was formerly growing in the Bifhop of 
London’s garden at Fulham, but was cut down fome 
years pail, with many other curious exotic trees, 
which were there growing in great perfection : the 
Other. was in the garden of Dr. Uvedale at Enfield, 
■which was there Handing a few years ago, when I 
paid a vifit to that place, which had' frequently pro- 
CEL 
duced fruit, but was never propagated in, this coun- 
try ; nor were there any young plants of this kind in 
the garden, till about fourteen years ago, when I pro- 
cured a good quantity of the fruit from Italy, which 
I communicated to feveral of my friends. 
1 his tree riles with an upright ftem to the height 
of forty or fifty feet, fending- out many {lender 
branches upward, which have a fmooth dark coloured 
bark, with fome fpots of gray •, thefe are garniflied 
with leaves placed alternately, which are near four 
inches long, and about two broad in the middle, 
ending in long fharp points, and deeply fawed on 
their edges, having feveral tranfverfe veins which 
are prominent on their under fide. The flowers come 
out from the wings of the leaves all along the 
branches •, they have a male and an hermaphrodite 
flower generally at the fame place, the male flowers 
being fltuated above the others : thefe have no petals 
but a green herbaceous empalement, fo make no 
figure ; they come out in the fpring, at the fame time 
when the leaves make their firft appearance, and 
generally decay before the leaves have grown to half 
their magnitude. After the flowers are paft, the 
germen of the hermaphrodite flowers become a round 
berry about the fize of a large Pea, which, when ripe, 
is black. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in North America; 
it delights in rnoift rich foil, in which it becomes a 
very large tree. This rifes with a ftrait ftem, which 
in young trees is fmooth and of a dark colour, but 
as they advance, it becomes rougher and of a lighter 
green. The branches are much diffufed on every 
fide, and are garnifhed with oblique oval leaves, 
ending in points, fawed on their edges ; they are 
placed alternately on the branches, with pretty 
long foot-ftalks. The flowers come out oppofite to 
the leaves, upon pretty long foot-ftalks ; the male 
flowers Handing above the hermaphrodite as in the 
other fpecies ; after thefe decay, the hermaphrodite 
flowers are fucceeded by round ifln berries, which are 
fmaller than thofe of the firft fort, and when ripe, 
are of a dark purple colour. This tree flowers in 
May, and the feeds ripen in Obtober. Of this fort 
there are feveral pretty large trees in the Englifh 
gardens, fome of which produce great quantities of 
fruit annually, which in favourable feafons come to 
maturity, fo that from thefe feeds there have been 
plants railed-, and there are few years, in which there 
is not fruit of this fort fent from America, whereby 
it is now become pretty common in the Englifh nur- 
feries. 
This tree is late in coming out in the fpring, but in 
recompenfe for that, it continues as long in beauty 
in the autumn, for it is the lateft in fading of any 
of the deciduous trees ; nor do the leaves alter their 
colour long before they fall, but continue in full 
verdure till within a few days of their dropping off; 
and, fo foon as they begin to fall, the trees will in 
a few days be quite deftitute of leaves, fo that the 
litter which their falling leaves occaflon, may be 
fooner cleared away, than that of any other deciduous 
tree. There is little beauty in the flowers or fruit of 
this tree ; but, as the branches are well clothed with 
leaves, which are of a fine green colour, the trees, 
when mixed with others in wilderneftes, make a 
pleafing variety during the fummer feafon. The 
wood of this tree being tough and pliable, is 
efteemed by coachmakers for the frames of their car- 
riages. 
The third fort was difcovered by Dr. Tournefort in 
Armenia, from whence he lent the fruit to the royal 
garden at Paris, where they fucceeded, and the trees, 
which were there railed, have produced fruit for 
feveral years, fo that moil of the curious gardens in 
Europe have been furnifhed with it from thepce. 
It rifes with a ftem about ten or twelve feet high, 
dividing into many branches, which fpread horizon- 
tally on every fide, having a fmooth greenifh bark, 
garnifhed with leaves about an inch and a half long, 
and near an inch broad, inclining to a heart-fhape, 
but 
