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reckoned to be binding, and good for all kinds of 
fluxes, and of great ufe to heal wounds. This grows 
naturally on the mountains of Italy and Spain ; it hath 
a ftrong perennial root like the former fort, from 
which come out a great number of long winged leaves, 
which fpread wide on every fide, of a lucid green, 
and fawed on their edges the flower-ftalks are Ben- 
der, but very ftiff, and divide upward into many 
fmaller foot-ftalks ; thefe, togetherwith the other ftalks, 
rife five or fix feet high, having at each joint one 
fmall winged leaf of the fame form with the other : 
each of thefe foot-ftalks is terminated by a fingie head 
of purpliili flowers, which are confiderably longer 
than the empalement. This fort flowers in July, and 
in very warm dry feafons will produce ripe feeds in 
England. It may be propagated by parting of the 
roots in the fame manner as the former fort, and the 
plants muft be treated in the fame -way, but fliould 
have more room to grow, therefore it is not proper 
for fmall gardens •, but in large open borders, or to 
intermix in open quarters with other tall growing 
plants, this will make a variety. 
The third fort was difcovered by Dr. Tournefort in 
the Levant, who fent the feeds to the royal garden at 
Paris, and from thence it hath flnce been communi- 
cated to molt of the curious gardens in Europe. This 
hath a perennial root, which ftrikes deep into the 
ground, from which fprings up a great tuft of long 
entire leaves, fhaped like thofe of Woad, growing 
upright, with many upright ftalks, which grow near 
five feet high, garnifhed with leaves coming out An- 
gle at each joint, of the fame fhape as the under, but 
are lefs, and have a border or wing running along 
the ftalk. The upper part of the ftalk divides into 
two or three fmaller, each of which is terminated by 
a fingie head of yellow flowers, included in a filvery 
fcaly empalement. This flowers in July, but rarely 
produces good feeds in England. It may be propa- 
gated by parting the roots in the fame manner as the 
former, and the plants may be treated in the fame 
way, being equally hardy and as this doth not fpread 
fo much as the laft, it may be allowed a place in 
fmaller gardens. 
The fourth fort grows naturally in Auftria. This 
hath a perennial root as the former, from which come 
out many winged leaves, which are hoary, the feg- 
ments narrow and entire •, the ftalks rife near three 
feet high, dividing into feveral branches, which have 
a Angle winged leaf at each joint, of the fame fhape 
with the other •, at the end of each ftalk is one head 
of purple flowers, inclofed in an oblong fcaly em- 
palement, each lcale being bordered with fmall hairs 
like an eye- brow. The flowers appear in June, and 
the feeds ripen in Augulf. This is propagated by 
feeds, which may be fown in a bed of common earth, 
in a nurfery ; and when the plants come up they 
muft be thinned, and kept clean from weeds, and 
the following autumn the plants may be tranfplanted 
where they are defigned to remain after which they 
will require no further care. Two or three of thefe 
plants may be allowed a place in gardens where there 
is room, for the fake of variety. 
The fifth fort grows naturally in the fouth of France, 
and in Italy : I received the feeds of this from Verona. 
It hath a perennial root, which doth not divide and 
fpread as the former, but grows fingie, fending out 
in the fpring feveral entire fpear-fhaped leaves, and 
afterward a Angle ftalk, more than a foot high, gar- 
nifhed at each joint with one divided hoary leaf; 
and at the top comes out a fingie, large, fcaly head, 
ihaped like a cone of the Pine-tree, very taper at the 
top, where it clofely furrounds the florets, whole tops 
juft peep out of the empalement : they are of a bright 
purple colour, and appear in June, but are not fuc- 
ceeded by feeds in England, fo cannot be propagated 
unlefs the feeds are procured from abroad. Thefe 
feeds may be fown, and the plants afterward treated 
in the fame manner as the laft. 
The fixth fort is the common perennial Blue Bottle, 
which by fome is titled Batchelors Button. This is I 
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c e n 
To well known as to need no defeription ; the roots of 
this fort creep under ground to a great diftance, 
whereby the plant propagates too fall, and often be- 
comes troublefome in gardens. It flowers in May and 
June, and will grow in any foil and fituation. 
The feventh fort differs from the eighth, in having 
much longer and narrower leaves, which are not fo 
white, the heads of flowers are alfo fmaller-, but 
whether this is only a variety from the other, I cannot 
determine, having never raifed either from feeds ; for 
thefe plants fpread very much by their creeping roots, 
which renders them barren, as is frequently the cafe 
with many other creeping rooted plants, few of which, 
produce feeds : however, this plant has always re- 
tained its difference from the year 1727, when I 
firft brought it to England ; and as it propagates fo 
faff, it is now become almoft as plenty in the gar- 
dens, as the common broad leaved fort. This is 
equally hardy, and may be planted in any foil or fi- 
tuation, where many other forts will not thrive, and 
during its continuance in flower will make a variety 
in the garden. 
The eighth fort is annual, fo is only propagated by 
feeds. This has been many years propagated in the 
Englifh gardens, under the title of Sultan Flower, or 
Sweet Sultan. It was brought from the Levant, 
where it grows naturally in arable land among the 
corn. This fends up a round channelled ftalk near 
three feet high, which divides into many branches, 
garniflied with jagged leaves, of a pale green, fmooth, 
and ftand clofe to the branches ; from the fide of the 
branches come out long naked foot-ftalks, each fuff 
taining a Angle head of flowers fhaped like thofe of 
the other fpecies, which have a very ftrong odour, fo 
as to be oftenfive to many people, but to others is 
very grateful. The empalement of thefe is fcaly, 
round, and without fpines ; the flowers are in fome 
purple, and others white, and likewife a flefh colour 
between them hath come from the fame feeds. There 
is alfo a variety of this with fiftular flowers, and ano- 
ther with fringed flowers, commonly called Amber- 
boi or Emberboi : but thefe have degenerated to the 
common fort in a few years, although I have faved 
the feeds with great care, fo I fuppofe they are only 
varieties. Thefe feeds are commonly fown upon a 
hot-bed in the fpring, to bring the plants forward, 
and in May they are tranfplanted into the borders of 
the flower-garden ; but if the feeds are fown in a 
warm border in autumn, they will live through the 
winter ; and thefe plants may be removed in the 
fpring into the flower-garden, which will be ftronger, 
and come earlier to flower than thofe which are raifed 
in the fpring. The feeds may alfo be fown in the 
fpring on a common warm border, where the plants 
will rife very well, but thefe will be later in flowering 
than either of the other. The autumnal plants will 
begin to flower the middle of June, and will conti- 
nue flowering till September ; and the fpring plants 
will flower a month later, and continue till the froft 
flops them. Their feeds ripen in autumn. 
The ninth fort has been fuppofed to be only a variety 
of the former, which is a great miftake ; for although 
there is a great fimilitude in their appearance, yet 
they are fpecifically different, fo never alter. I have 
cultivated this fort upward of forty years, and have 
never oblerved the leaft variation in it. This is much 
tenderer than the former, fo the feeds muft be fown 
upon a hot-bed in the fpring ; and when the plants 
are fit to remove, they fliould be tranfplanted on a 
frefh hot-bed to bring them forward : when they have 
taken root in this bed, they muft have air admitted 
to them every day, to prevent their drawing up weak, 
and refrefhed with water fparingly, becaufe they are 
very apt ' to rot with much wet. When the plants 
have obtained ftrength, they muft be carefully taken 
up, and planted in feparate pots filled with light earth, 
and fome of them placed in the fhade till they have 
taken root ; then they may be placed with other an- 
nual plants in the pleafure-garden, where they will 
continue long in beauty. But as thefe plants which 
are 
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