C E N 
are placed in the open air rarely produce good feeds, 
there fhould be two or three plants kept in a mode- 
fate hot-bed under a deep frame, where they will come 
earlier to flowery and being protected from wet and 
cold, they will ripen their feeds every year, which is 
the fureft method to preferve the fort. 
This fort differs from the common, in its leaves be- 
ing fawed on their edges the flowers are fiftular, of 
a bright colour, and have a very agreeable foft odour. 
It flowers in July and Auguft, and the feeds ripen in 
Oftobe'r. 
The tenth fort is the common Blue Bottle, which 
grows naturally amongft the corn in molt parts of 
England : this ftands in the lift of medicinal plants. 
There is a diftilled water of the flowers, which is 
efteemed good for the eyes. There are great varie- 
ties of colours in thefe flowers, fome of which are 
finely variegated : the feeds of thefe are fold by feedf- 
men, by the title of Bottles of all Colours. Thefe are 
annual plants, which will rife in any common border, 
and require no other care but to keep them clean 
from weeds, and thinned where they are too clofe, 
for they do not thrive well when they are tranfplant- 
ed. If the feeds are fown in autumn, they will fuc- 
ceed better, and the plants will flower ftronger than 
thofe which are fown in the fpring. 
The feeds of the eleventh fort were fent me by Dr. 
Juflieu, from Paris, who received them from Dr. 
Lippi, at Grand Cairo. This is an annual plant, 
which rifes near two feet high, fending out two or 
three branches toward the top ; the leaves are divided 
into many obtufe fegments, and have a border run- 
ning along the ftalk; the flowers are fmall, of a 
bright purple, and have a fcaly empalement. If the 
feeds are fown in the fpring upon a border of light 
earth, where the plants are to remain, they will re- 
quire no farther care but to keep them clean from 
'weeds. It flowers in July, and the feeds ripen in 
autumn. 
The twelfth fort is a perennial plant, which retains 
its leaves through the year. This grows naturally 
in Italy, on the borders of the fields. The leaves are 
hoary, and divided into many narrow fegments ; the 
ftalks rife near three feet high, branching upward in- 
to many divifions, each being terminated by a head 
of purple flowers ; thefe come out in June, and in 
favourable feafons will perfed their feeds in autumn. 
This fort will live abroad in moderate winters, if it 
has a warm fituation and a dry foil •, but in fevere 
winters the plants are commonly killed, fo one or 
two of them may be ftieltered under a common frame 
in winter to preferve the kind. It may be eafily pro- 
pagated by feeds in the fame manner as the fourth 
fort ; or if the young branches, which do not fhoot 
up to flower, are cut off, and planted in a fhady bor- 
der any time in fummer, they will take root, and in 
autumn may be removed to warm borders, or put into 
pots to be flickered in winter. 
The thirteenth fort grows naturally in Mauritania, 
and in feveral other places on the borders of the Me- 
diterranean Sea. This feldom rifes more than three 
feet high in this country ; it hath a perennial ftalk, 
which divides into many branches, garnifhed with very 
white woolly leaves, divided into many obtufe entire 
lobes, the fmall leaves or lobes on the exterior part 
of the leaf being the largeft. The flowers are pro- 
duced from the fide branches upon fliort foot-ftalks, 
which are bf a bright yellow, and are included in a 
fine hairy empalement. Thefe appear in June and 
July, but fcarce ever are fucceeded by feeds in Eng- 
land. It is propagated by planting of the young Ihoots 
in the fame manner as the laft, and the plants require 
protection from hard froft. But if they are planted in 
dry lime-rubbifh, where they will not grow luxuriant, 
they will refill the cold of our ordinary winters in the 
open air. As this plant retains its leaves all the year, 
which are extremely white, it makes a pretty variety 
in a garden. 
The fourteenth fort is annual. This grows naturally 
in the Archipelago. It rifes with a branching ftalk 
C E N 
dbout three feet high ; the lower leaves are hot niucli 
unlike thofe of the Turnep, being rounded at their 
ends, and their bafe is cut into many fegments ; thofe 
upon the ftalks and branches are nearly of the fame 
form, but diminifii gradually in their flze to the top 5 
thefe have a bonier or wing running along the ftalks* 
which conned them together ; the flowers are pro- 
duced at the end of the branches, which have prickly 
empalements; the fpines come out from the border 
of the kales* divided _ like the fingers of a hand. 
The flowers are of" a bright purple, fo make a pretty 
appearance. This fort may be treated in the fame 
manner as the Com Bottle, by lowing the feeds in 
autumn, and keeping the plants clean from weeds. 
The plants will flower in June, and the feeds will 
ripen in Auguft. If fome feeds are alfo fown in the 
fpring, the plants will come to flower a month after 
the others, and will continue flowering till the froft 
Hops them. But thefe plants do not always perfed 
feeds, fo that from the autumnal plants the feeds will 
more certainly be procured. 
The fifteenth fort grows naturally upon the Helve- 
tian, and fome of the Italian mountains. I received 
the feeds of this fort from Verona : it hath a perennial 
root and an annual ftalk; the leaves are oblong, 
flightly indented on their edges, and woolly on thetr 
under fide ; thefe have much the refemblance of thofe 
of Elecampane, generally Handing upright ; the ftalks 
rife little more than a foot high, and are terminated 
by large Angle heads of purple flowers, inclofed in 
fcaly empalements ; thefe appear in July, but unlefs 
the feafon proves very dry and warm they have no 
feeds fucceed them in this country ; fo that this, like 
the fifth fort, is very difficult to propagate in Eng- 
land, unlefs good feeds can be procured from the 
countries where they naturally grow. This is very- 
hardy, fo may be treated in the fame manner as any 
of the former perennial forts, but will require a little 
more room than the fifths 
The fixteenth fort grows naturally in Auftria and 
Hungary, from both which countries I have received 
the feeds. The lower leaves of this plant fpread flat 
on the ground ; they are foft, hairy, and end in fharp 
points, but toward their bafe are cut into feveral nar- 
row fegments •, the ftalks rife near three feet high, 
garnifhed at each joint by fpear-fhaped entire leaves, 
and are terminated by Angle large heads of flowers, 
of a gold colour, inclofed in a prickly fcaly empale- 
ment. This flowers in July and Auguft, but never 
produces feeds in this country. It hath a perennial 
root, which fends out offsets ; thefe may be taken 
from the old plants in autumn, whereby it may be 
eafily propagated. It is very hardy in refpefl to cold, 
but fhould have a dry foil, the roots being very apt 
to rot in winter with much wet. 
The feventeenth fort grows naturally in Siberia. The 
feeds of this were fent me from Peterfburgh. This 
fends out many long winged leaves from the root, 
which are divided into feveral fpear-ffiaped lobes ; 
the ftalks rife near five feet high, and divide upward 
into many fmaller branches, garniflied with leaves of 
the fame form as the lower, but much fmaller, and 
the fegments very narrow ; each of the ftalks is ter- 
minated by a head of yellow flowers, inclofed in a 
fcaly empalement ; the borders of the fcales are fet 
with fine hairs like an eye-brow. It flowers in June, 
July, and Auguft, and the feeds ripen in autumn. 
This hath a perennial root and an annual ftalk, which, 
with the leaves, decay in autumn, and arife new from 
the root in the fpring. It may be propagated either 
by feeds or parting of the roots, in the fame manner 
as the fifth fort, and the plants require a large fhare 
of room, fo ftiould not be planted too near other 
plants ; therefore it is not proper furniture for fmall 
gardens. 
The eighteenth fort grows naturally in Crete. This 
hath a perennial root ; the lower leaves are winged 
and very woolly, thofe on the flower-ftalks are Angle, 
wedge-fliaped, and indented ; the ftalks are termi- 
nated by heads of yellow flowers, compofed of as many 
1 florets 
f 
