G E R 
the bud. The autumn following thefe trees will be fit 
to remove ; but if your ground is not ready to re- 
ceive them, they may remain two years before they 
are tranfplanted ; in doing which, you muft obferve 
not to head them, as is by many pradifed, for this 
very often is immediate death to them •, but if they 
furvive it, they feldom recover this amputation in five 
or fix years. 
If thefe trees are intended for a wall, I would advife 
the planting dwarfs between the ftandards ; fo that 
while the dwarfs are filling the bottom of the walls, 
the ftandards will cover the tops, and will produce 
a great deal of fruit : but thefe, as the dwarfs arife 
to fill the walls, muft be cut away to make room for 
them •, and when the dwarf trees cover the walls, the 
ftandards fhould be entirely taken away. But I would 
advife, never to plant ftandard Cherries over other 
fruits, for there is no other fort of fruit that will prof- 
per well under the drip of Cherries. 
When thefe trees are taken up from the nurfery, 
their roots muft be fhortened, and all the bruifed parts 
cut off ; and alfo all the fmall fibres, which would 
dry, grow mouldy, and be a great prejudice to the 
new fibres in their coming forth ; you muft alfo cut 
off the dead part of the ftock which was left above 
the bud, clofe down to the back part of it, that the 
ftock may be covered by the bud. If thefe trees are 
defigned for a wall, obferve to place the bud diredly 
from the wall, that the back part of the ftock that 
was cut may be hid from fight. The foil that Cher- 
ries thrive beft in, is a frefh hazel loam ; but if the 
foil is a dry gravel, they will not live many years, and 
will be perpetually blighted in the fpring. 
The forts commonly planted againft walls, are the 
Early May, and May Duke, which fhould have a 
fouth afpeded wall. The Hearts and common Duke 
will thrive on a weft wall ; and in order to continue 
this fort later in the feafon, they are frequently planted 
againft north and north-weft afpeded walls, where 
they fucceed very well ; and the Morello on a north 
wall, which laft is chiefly planted for preferving. 
The Hearts are all of them ill bearers, for which rea- 
fon they are feldom planted againft walls : but I am 
apt to believe, if they were grafted upon the Bird 
Cherry, and managed properly, that defed might be 
remedied •, for this ftock (as I am informed) will ren- 
der Cherries very fruitful ■, and having the fame ef- 
fed on Cherries, as the Paradife ftock hath on Apples, 
they may be kept in lefs compafs, which is an expe- 
riment well worth the trial. 
Your trees, if planted againft a wall, fhould be 
placed at leaft twenty or twenty-four feet afunder, 
with a ftandard tree between each dwarf : this will 
be found a reafonable diftance, when we confider, that 
Cherry-trees will extend themfelves full as far as Apri- 
cots, and many other forts of fruit. 
In pruning thefe forts of fruit, you fhould never 
fhorten their fhoots ; for the moft part of them pro- 
duce their fruit buds at the extremities, which, when 
fhortened, are cut off, and this often occafions the 
death of the fhoot, at leaft a good part of its length : 
their branches fhould be therefore trained in at full 
length horizontally, obferving in May, where there is a 
vacancy in the wall, to flop fome ftrong adjoining 
branches, which will occafion their putting out two or 
more fhoots : by which means, at that feafon of the 
year, you may always get a fupply of wood for covering 
the wall •, and at the fame time, fhould all foreright 
fhoots be difplaced by the hand ; for if they are buffered 
to grow till winter, they will not only deprive the bear- 
ing branchesof their proper fupply of nourifhment, but 
when they are cut out, it occafions the tree to gum in 
that part (for Cherries bear the knife the worft of any 
fort of fruit trees ;) but be careful not to rub off thefides 
orfpurs, which are produced upon the two and three 
years old wood; for it is upon thefe that the greateft part 
of the fruit are produced, which fides will continue 
fruitful for feveral years. And it is for want of duly 
■obferving this caution, that Cherry-trees are often feen 
fo unfruitful, efpecially the Morello, which the mo e 
I 
it is cut the. weaker it fhoots; and, at lift, by fre- 
quent pruning, I have known a whole wall of them 
deftroyed ; which, if they had been fuffe'red to grow 
without any pruning, might probably have lived many 
years, and produced large quantities of fruit. 
Cherry-trees are alfo planted for orchards in many 
parts of England, particularly in Kent, where there 
are large plantations of thefe trees. The ufual dif- 
tance allowed for their Handing is forty feet fquare, 
at which fpace they are lefs iubject to blight than 
when they are clofer planted ; and the ground may be 
tilled between them almoft as well as if it were entire- 
ly clear, efpecially while the trees are young ; and 
often ftirring the ground, provided you do not dis- 
turb their roots, will greatly help the trees ; but 
when they are grown fo big as to over-fhadow the 
ground, the drip of their leaves will fuffer very few 
things to thrive under them. Thefe ftandard trees 
fhould be planted in a fituation defended as much as 
poffible from the ftrong wefterly winds, which are 
very apt to break their tender branches ; this occafi- 
ons their gumming, and is very prejudicial to them. 
The forts beft approved for an orchard, are the com- 
mon Red, or Kentifh Cherry, the Duke, and Luke- 
ward ; all which are plentiful bearers. But orchards 
of thefe trees are now fcarcely worth planting, except 
where land is very cheap ; for the uncertainty of their 
bearing, with the trouble in gathering the fruit, to- 
gether with the fmall price it commonly yields, hath 
occafioned the deftroying many orchards of this fruit 
in Kent within a few years paft. 
This fruit was brought out of Pontus, at the time 
of the Mithridatic victory, by Lucullus, in the year 
of the city 680, and were brought into Britain about 
120 years afterward, which was An. Dorn. 55 ; and 
were foon after fpread through moft parts of Europe, 
it being generally efteemed for its earlinefs, as being 
one of the firft of the tree fruit that appears to wel- 
come in the approaching fruit feafon. 
This fort of fruit hath been by many people grafted 
upon the Laurel, to which it is a congener ; but the 
effed it hath in the growth of the tree, as alfo in its 
fruit, will not recommend it to pradice, the trees 
being of fhort duration, and feldom produce much 
fruit ; though this pradice is as old as Pliny, who 
fays it gives the fruit a pleafant bitternefs : but there 
is little to be depended upon in the writings of the 
ancients, with refped to the feveral forts of trees be- 
ing grafted upon each other ; very few of thofe which 
we find mentioned by them to have been frequently 
pradifed, will not fucceed with us. Nor is it owing 
to the difference of climate, as fome have fuppofed, 
who are inclinable to believe whatever they find re- 
lated in thofe books, efpecially in the bufinefs of huf- 
bandry and gardening ; whereas many of the rules for 
the pradical part of hufbandry, are not founded on 
experiments, but are mere theory ; for from many 
repeated trials which have been made with the utmoft 
care, by perfons of the beft fkill, it appears, that no 
two forts of trees, which are of different claffes, will 
take upon each other. However, the Laurel and 
the Cherry being of the fame genus, or fo near of 
kin to be ranked together by moft botanifts, will 
take upon each other by grafting. But I have not 
yet feen any of the trees fo grafted, which have lived 
to be of any confiderable fize ; though I have feen 
many trees fo grafted, which have lived a few years, 
but have made very poor progrefs *, nor do I remem- 
ber to have feen any fruit upon the Cherry-trees 
which were grafted on the Laurels, therefore cannot 
determine what effed this has on the flavour of the 
fruit. 
There are fome perfons who graft the Duke, and 
other forts of Cherries, upon the Morello Cherry, 
which is but a weak fhooter, in order to check the 
luxuriant growth of their trees, which will fucceed 
for three or four years : but they are not of long du- 
ration, nor have I ever feen one tree fo grafted, which 
had made fhoots above fix or eight inches long, but 
they were clofely covered with bloffoms, fo may pro- 
duce 
