C H O 
final! pots, four or five in each pot ; then plunge the 
pots into a moderate hot-bed, and fprinkle them with 
water, and fnade them every day from the fun till 
they have taken new root ; after which they mult 
have a large fhare of air in warm weather, to prevent 
their drawing up weak : when the plants have obtain- 
ed fome ftrength, they mult be gradually inured to 
bear the open air •, but when they are expoied abroad, 
■ if there fhould happen much rain, the plants mult 
be fcreened from it, otherwife it will caufe them to 
rot : when the plants have filled the pots with their 
roots, they Ihouid be parted, and each put into a fe- 
parate pot filled with light fandy earth, not rich with 
dung, placing them in the lhade till they have taken 
frefli root j then they may be removed to a warm 
Iheltered fituation, and mixed with fuch other plants 
as require but little water •, in which fituation they 
may remain till: autumn, when they mufb be placed 
in a dry airy glafs-cafe and in the winter fhould have 
very little wet, but muft enjoy the fun aS much as 
poffible ; and in mild weather fhould have frelh air 
admitted to them, but muft be protedted from froft : 
with this management, the plants will thrive and pro- 
duce flowers the fecond year from feed. 
The fecond fort rifes with a firmer ftalk than the 
firft, which is round, jointed, and divides upward 
into a greater number of branches, garnifhed with 
fhort narrow leaves, which are pretty thick and luc- 
culent. The flowers are produced at the end of the 
branches, in the fame manner as thofe of the firft, 
which are of a fine red colour, but not half fo large 
as the flowers of the firft ; when thefe fall away, they 
are fucceeded by oval pulpy berries, in which are in- 
cluded many fmall feeds. This fort continues flow- 
ering great part of fummer and autumn, and in warm 
feafons the feeds will ripen in England. 
It is propagated by feeds in the fame manner as the 
former fort, and the plants require the fame treat- 
ment. 
CHIVES, as they are by fome titled, are the fta- 
mina, which fupport the fummits in the center of 
flowers. 
C H I V E T S, in French, are the fmall parts, or little 
offsets from the roots of bulbous plants, by which 
they are propagated. 
CHONDRILLA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 815. Tourn. 
Inft. R. H. 475. tab. 268. [of Gr. a carti- 
lage.] Gum Succory. 
The Characters are, 
The common empalement is compofed of many narrow cy- 
lindrical fcades , which are equal. The flower is compofed 
of many hermaphrodite florets , which are uniform , and lie 
imbricatim , like tiles on a houfe thefe have one petal , 
which is ftzetched out on one fide like a tongue , and are 
I indented at the top in four or five fegments they have 
each five fort hairy flamina , terminated by cylindrical 
fummits. The germen is ftuated under the floret , halving 
a fly le the length of the flamina, crowned by two reflexed 
ftigmas j the germen afterward becomes a fingle , oval , 
comprejfed feed, crowned with a fingle down, and inclofed 
in the empalement. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedtion of 
Linnaeus’s nineteenth clafs, intitled Syngenefia Poly- 
gamia aequalis. The flowers of this fedtion are 
compofed of only hermaphrodite florets, which are 
fruitful. 
We have but one Species of this genus, viz. . 
Chondrilla ( Juncea .) Lin. Hort. Cliff. 383. ' Gum Suc- 
cory. Chondrillajuncea vifcofa arvenfis. C. B. P. 30. 
Vifcous Field Gum Succory with rufhy ftalks. 
This plant grows naturally in Germany, Helvetia, 
and France, on the borders of the fields, and is fel- 
dom preferved in gardens, becaufe the roots are very 
apt to fpread, and become troublefome weeds ; and 
the feeds having down on their tops, are carried by 
the wind to a great diftance, fo that the neighbouring 
ground is filled with the plants ; the roots of this 
ftrike deep into the ground, and fpread out with 
thick fibres on every fide, each of which, when cut, 
or broken into many parts, will fiioot up a plant ; fo 
C H R 
that when this plant hath obtained poffeffion of the 
ground, it is very difficult to root out. The root 
fends out a great number of flender ftalks, which at 
their bottom are garnifhed with oblong finuated 
leaves, but thofe above are very narrow and entire. 
The flowers are produced from the fide and top of 
the branches, which are like thofe of Lettuce, and 
are fucceeded by feeds of the fame form, crowned 
with down. It flowers in July, and the feeds ripen 
in September. 
The other fpecies of this genus which were enume- 
rated in the former edition, are referred to the Lac- 
tuca and Crepis. 
CHRISTMAS FLOWER, or Black Helle- 
bore. See Helleborus. 
CHRISTQPHQRI ANA. See Actea. 
C HR I S A N THEMOIDES O S T EOSPER- 
MON. See Gsteosperm-um. 
CHRYSANTHEMUM-. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 
491. tab. 280. Lin. Gen. Plant. 866. Leucanthe- 
mum. Tourn. Inft. R. FI. 492'. [^pva-dAe^ov, Gr. 
from xpv<r<&>, gold, AA/ v,© j , a flower ; that is to fay, 
Golden Flower.] Corn Marigold. 
The Characters are, 
It hath a compound flower , the rays being compofed of 
female florets which are extended \ on one fide like a tongue , 
and are indented in three fegments at the end ; thefe have 
an oval germen , fupporting a flender flyle, crowned by two 
obtufe ftigmas. The hermaphrodite florets which compofe 
the difk, are funnel-floaped the length of the empalement , 
but are divided into five fegments at the top, which are 
fpread open •, thefe have five fhort hairy flamina, termi- 
nated by tubular cylindrical fummits, and have an oval 
germen, with flyle and ftigma like the female ; the germen 
afterward becomes a fingle , oblong , naked feed. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fedtion 
of Linnaeus’s nineteenth clafs, intitled Syngenefia 
Polygamia fuperflua. In this fedtion all the central 
florets which compofe the difk, are hermaphrodite 
and fruitful, and the rays are compofed of female 
florets. 
The Species are, 
1. Chrysanthemum ( Segetum ) foliis amplexicaulibusi’ 
fuperne laciniatis, inferne dentato-ferratis. Hort. Cliff. 
416. Corn Marigold with leaves embracing the ftalks, the 
upper being jagged, and the lower indented like a flaw . 
Chryfanthemum fegetum. Cluf. Hift. 1. p. 334. Corn 
Marigold. 
2. Chrysanthemum ( Leucanthemum ) foliis amplexicau- 
libus, oblongis, fuperne ferratis, inferne dentatis. 
Hort. Cliff. 416. Corn Marigold with oblong leaves em- 
bracing the ftalks, the upper ones being flawed, and the 
lower indented. Beilis fylveftris caule foliofo major. 
C. B. P. 261. Greater wild Daify with a leafy ftalk. 
3. Chrysanthemum ( Serotinum ) foliis lanceolatis, fu- 
perne ferratis, utrinque acuminatis. Hort. Cliff. 416. 
Corn Marigold with fpear-floaped leaves , thofe above be- 
ing flawed, and pointed on all fides. Beilis major, ra- 
dice repente, foliis latioribus, ferratis. Mor. Hift. 3. 
p. 29. Greater Daify with a creeping root , and broad 
flawed leaves. 
4. Chrysanthemum ( Montanum ) foliis imis fpathulato- 
lanceolatis, ferratis, fummis linearibus. Sauv. Monfp. 
87. Corn Marigold with lower leaves pointed like a fpear- 
faped fpatula, and flawed, and the upper ones linear . 
Leucanthemum montanum minus. Tourn. Inft. 492. 
Leffer Mountain Ox-eye. 
5. Chrysanthemum ( Graminifolium ) foliis linearibus, 1 
fubintegerrimis. Sauv. Monfp. 87. Corn Marigold 
with narrow leaves , which are entire. Leucanthemum 
gramineo folio. Tourn. Inft. 493. Ox-eye with a Grafs 
leaf. 
6 . Chrysanthemum ( Alpinum ) foliis pinnatifidis, la- 
ciniis parallelis, integris, caule unifloris. Lin. Sp. 
Plant. 889. Corn Marigold with many pointed leaves, 
whofe fegments are parallel and entire, and one flower on 
each foot-ftalk. Leucanthemum Alpinum, foliis Co- 
ronopi. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 493 . Alpine Ox-eye with a 
Hartfioorn leaf 
Q^q q 7. Chrysan- 
\ 
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