C I c 
fortnight longer,. When the flower-items begin to j 
advance, they fhouid be fupported with a packthread, 
which fhouid be fattened to nails driven into the pale, 
or to the ftakes of the hedge, and run along before 
the Items, to draw them upright clofe to the hedge 
or pale, otherwife they will be liable to break with 
the ftrong winds. Obferve alfo to keep them clear 
from weeds, and about the beginning of July your 
feeds will begin to ripen •, therefore, as foon as you 
find the feeds are quite ripe, you mutt cut off the 
ftalks, and expofe them to the fun upon a coarfe cloth 
to dry i and then beat out the feeds, which mutt be 
dried, and put up in bags of paper, and preferred 
for ufe in fome dry place. But I would here caution 
you, not to wait for all the feeds ripening upon the 
fame plant ; for if fo, all the firft ripe and bell of 
the feeds will fcatter and be loft before the other are 
near ripe ; fo great a difference is there in the feeds 
of the fame plant being ripe. 
The wild Succory (of which there are fome varieties 
in the colour of the flowers) is feldom propagated in 
gardens •, it growing wild in unfrequented lanes and 
dunghills in divers parts of England, where the herb 
women gather it, and fupply the markets for me- 
dicinal ufe. 
Cl CUTA properly flgnifies an hollow intercepted 
between two knots, of the ftalks or reeds of which 
the Ihepherds ufed to make their pipes, as Virgil 
fingsj 
Eft mihi diflparibus fleptem compact a Cicutis 
Fiftula 
CICUTA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 316. Sium. Rail Syn. 
212. Water Hemlock. 
The Characters are, 
It is a plant with an umbellated flower -, the principal 
umbel is compofed of fever al j mailer ( called rays-,) thefe 
are equal, roundijh , and briftly : the great umbel hath no 
involucrum, but the fmaller have , which are compofed of 
many fort leaves. The flowers have each five oval pe- 
tals nearly equal, which turn Inward they have five 
hairy ftamina, which are longer than the petals, termi- 
nated by fingle fummits. The germen is fituated below 
the flower , fupporting two fender ftyles, which are per- 
manent and longer than the petals , crowned by ftigmas in 
form of a head. The germen afterward becomes a roundifh 
channelled fruit dividing into two parts , containing two 
oval feeds , plain on one fide and convex on the other. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fec- 
tion of Linnaeus’s fifth clafs of plants, intitled Pen- 
tandria Digynia, the flower having five ftamina and 
two ftyles. The title of this genus has been gene- 
rally applied to the common Hemlock, which 
grows naturally on the banks by highways, in molt 
parts of England. But to that plant Dr. Linnaeus 
has applied the old title of Conium, and added this 
title, to the poifonous Water Hemlock defcribed by 
Webfer. 
The Species are, 
1. Cicuta ( Virofa ) umbellis oppofitis foliis, petiolis 
marginatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 235- Hemlock with umbels 
cppofite to the leaves, and obtufe marginated foot-folks. 
Sium erucae folio. C. B. P. 1 54. Sium with a Rocket 
leaf Cicuta aquatica Gefneri. J. B. hi. 2. p. 175. 
Water Hemlock of Gefner. 
2. Cicuta ( Maculata ) foliorum ferraturis mucronatis, 
petiolis membranaceis, apice bilobis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 
256. Hemlock with pointed ferratures to the leaves, and 
membranaceous foot -ftalks ending in two lobes. Angelica 
Virginiana foliis acutioribus, femine ftriato minore, 
cumini fapore & odore. Mor. Hilt. 3. p. 281. Vir- 
ginia Angelica with pointed leaves , and a fmall channelled 
feed , having the tafte and fmcll of Cumin. 
3. Cicuta ( Bulbifera ) ramis bulbiferis. Lin. Sp. 367. 
Hemlock, whofle branches bear bidbs. Am mi foliorum 
lacinulis capillaribus, caule angulato. Flor. Virg. 3 1 . 
The firft fort grows naturally in handing waters in 
many parts of England, fo is never propagated in 
gardens ; for unlefs there is a confiderabie depth of 
C I N 
Handing water for the plants to root in, they will 
not grow. I have feverai times tranfplanted thefe 
plants into ponds, where they have grown one ham- 
mer, but have not continued through the winter. 
It grows near four feet high, with a branching hol- 
low ftalk, garnilhed with winged leaves. The ftalks 
are terminated by umbels of yellowifh flowers, which 
are fucceeded by fmall channelled feeds like thefe of 
Parley. It flowers in June and July, and the feeds 
ripen in autumn. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in North America, 
from whence the feeds have been brought to England, 
where the plants are preferved in botanic gardens for 
the fake of variety. This is propagated by feeds, 
which' fhouid be fown in autumn in a fhady border, 
where the plants will come up in the fpring, and re- 
quire no other care but to keep them clean. 
The third fort is a native of North America. This 
is fometimes preferved in botanic gardens for variety, 
but being a plant of no great beauty or ufe, is fd- 
dom allowed a place in other gardens. It is propa- 
gated by feeds, which fhouid be fown in autumn, and 
the plants afterward treated as thofe of the fecond 
fort. 
CICUT ARIA. See Ligusticum. 
C I N A R A. See Cynara. 
CINERARIA, Sea Ragwort. 
The Characters are, 
It has a fmple empalement , compofed of many fmall equal 
leaves. The flower is radiated. The difk is compofed of 
many hermaphrodite florets , which are funnel- f aped, cut 
into five figments at the top -, thefe have five fender fia- 
mina , crowned by cylindrical fummits , and an oblong ger- 
men, fupporting a very fender ftyle , crowned by two erect 
ftigmas. The germen afterward becomes a narrow four- 
cornered feed , covered with downy hairs. The female flo- 
rets which compofe the rays are tongue-fhaped, indented 
at their points -, thefe have an oblong germen with two 
ftyles , and have feeds like the hermaphrodite florets , which 
are included in the empalement. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond order 
of Linnaeus’s nineteenth clafs, intitled Syngenefia 
Polygamia fuperflua, the flowers Ljeing compofed of 
hermaphrodite and female florets, which are both 
fruitful. 
The Species are, 
t. Cineraria ( Geifolia ) pedunculis ramofls, foliis re- 
niformibus fuborbiculatis fublobatis dentatis petioia- 
tis. Lin. Sp. 1242. Ragwort with branching foot -ftalks, 
kidney-jhaped , orbicular , indented leaves upon foot-folks. 
Jacobaea Africana, hederas terreftris folio, repens. 
Hort. Amft. 2. p. 145. 
2. Cineraria ( Maritima ) floribus paniculatis, foliis 
pinnatifidis tomentofis, laciniis finuatis, caule fru- 
tefeente. Lin. Sp. 1244. Sea Ragwort with a Jhrubby 
folk, woolly wing-pointed leaves , and flowers growing in 
panicles. Jacobaea maritima. C. B. P. 13 1. Sea 
Ragwort. 
3. Cineraria ( Amelloides ) pedunculis unifloris, foliis 
ovatis oppofitis, caule fuffruticofo. Lin. Sp. 1245. 
Ragwort with an under fhrub ftalk , oval leaves placed op- 
pofite , and foot-ftalks with one flower. After caule ra- 
mofo fcabro perenne, foliis ovatis feflilibus, pedun- 
culis nudis unifloris. Fig. pi. 
4. Cineraria ( Othonnites ) pedunculis unifloris, foliis 
oblongis indivifis fubdentatis petiolatis alternis nu- 
dis. Lin. Sp. 1244. Ragwort with oblong undivided 
leaves fightly indented, and foot-ftalks with one flower. 
Jacobaea Africana frutefeens, craffis & fucculentis fo- 
liis. Hort. Amft. 2. p. 147. 
5. Cineraria ( Tomentofa ) foliis pinnato-flnuatis den- 
tatis fubtus tomentofis, floribus paniculatis, caule 
frutefeente. Ragwort with finuated, wing-fhaped , in- 
dented. leaves, downy on their under fide , flowers in pa- 
nicles, and a (hrubby ftalk. Jacobaea maritima latifo- 
lia. C. B. P. 69. 
There are feverai other fpecies of this genus than are 
here enumerated, but being plants of little . ufe or 
beauty are omitted, as they are rarely^ cultivated in 
gardens. 
The 
