: C I s 
roots, fo are feldom kept in gardens, ufliefs for the 1 
fake of variety. 
If the roots are planted in any fhady moift part of a 
garden, they will increafe fall enough without any 
care. 
CIRCULATION of the fap. See Sap. 
CIRRI are thefe fine firings or fibres put out from 
the ftalks of plants, by which feme plants fallen them- 
felves to walls, pales, or trees, in order to their fup- 
port, as Ivy, &c. 
CIRSIUM. See Carduus. 
C I S S AM P E L O S. Lin. Gen. Plant. 993. Caapeba. 
Plum. Nov. Gen. 33. tab. 29. 
The Characters are, 
It is male and female in different plants •, the male flow- 
ers have no empalement they have four oval plain petals , 
■and a wheel-jloaped nedtarium in the dijk , with four fmall 
ftamina joined together , crowned by plain fummits. The 
female flowers have neither empalement or corolla inflead 
of petals , there is a large nedlarium , whofle membranes 
ft and round the hairy oval germen , which afterward be- 
comes a fucculent berry , mclofmg a fingle feed. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the twelfth feftion 
of Linnaeus’s twenty-fecond clafs, intitled Dicecia 
Monodelphia, the male -and female flowers being on 
different plants, and the male flowers have four" 3 fta- 
mina, which are joined in one body. 
The Species are, 
1. Cissampelqs (Pariera) foliis peltatis .cordatis emar- 
ginatis. Lin. Sp. 1473- Cijfampelos with target heart- 
fhaped leaves which are indented at their top. Caapeba 
folio orbiculari, & umbilicato laevi. Plum. Nov. 33. 
Caapeba with a round , flmooth , umbilicated leaf. 
2. Cissampelqs ( Caapeba ) foliis baft petiolatis integris. 
Lin. Sp. 1 473 • Cijflampelos with leaves having foot- 
ftalks , and entire at their bafe. Caapeba folio orbicu- 
lari non umbilicato. Plum. Nov. Gen. 33. Caapeba 
with a round leaf not umbilicated , called Velvet Leaf hi 
America. 
Thefe plants grow naturally in the warmeft parts of 
America, where they twift themfelves about the neigh- 
bouring fnrubs, and rife to the height of five or fix 
feet. The ftrft fort hath round heart-fhaped leaves, 
whofe foot-ftalks are fet within the bafe of the leaf, 
refembling an ancient target •, thefe are hairy on their 
under fide, and have pretty. long flender foot-ftalks. 
Toward the upper part of the ftalks the flowers come 
out from the wings of the leaves ; thofe of the male 
plants, grow in fhort fpikes or clufters, and are of a 
pale herbaceous colour ; but the female flowers are 
produced in long ioofe racemi from the fide of the 
ftalks, and are fucceeded by a fingle pulpy berry in- 
clofing a fingle feed. 
The fecond fort hath round heart-fhaped leaves, 
which are extremely woolly and foft to the touch ; 
thefe have their foot-ftalks placed at the bafe between 
the two ears ; the flowers of this come out in bunches 
from the fide of the ftalks, in the fame manner as the 
firft. The ftalks and every part of the plant is co- 
vered with a foft woolly down. 
The feeds of both thefe plants were fent me from 
Jamaica, by the late Dr. Houftoun, which fucceeded 
in the Chelfea garden, where the plants produced 
their flowers for feveral years ; and the fruit of the 
firft fort were produced, but thefe would not grow, 
though they feemed to be perfectly ripened •, but the 
plants grew at feme diftan.ee from the male, fo were 
probably not impregnated. 
Thefe plants are propagated by feeds, which fhould 
be fown upon a hot-bed in the lpring ; and the plants 
mull afterward be treated in the fame way as other 
tender exotics, keeping them conflantly in the 
bark-ftove, otherwife they will not live in this 
country. 
The firft fort is fuppofed to be the Pareira, whofe 
root has been fo much eftee tried as a diuretic. But 
by a fpecimen which I received from the late Dr. 
Houftoun, under the title of Pariera, it fhould ra- 
ther be ranged under the genus of Smilax. 
OSS US, Wild Grape. 
C I s 
The Characters are. 
It hath a fmall many-leaved empalement , and four con- 
cave petals to the fldfmr, with a large nedlarium at the 
border of the germen , and four ftamina the length of the 
corolla infer ted in the nedlarium , crowned by foundijh fnm- 
mits. The germen is four-cornered , fupporting a fender 
ftyle the length of the ftamina, crowned by an acute ftigma. 
The cover of the flower afterward becomes a berry inclofnr 
one roundifh feed. & 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feftion of 
Linnseus s fourth clafs, intitled Tetrandria Mono- 
gyma, the flowers having four ftamina and one 
ftyle. 
The Species are, 
1. Cissus {Cordifolia) foliis cordatis integerrimis. Lin. 
Sp.. 170. Wild Grape with entire heart-f. hoped leaves. 
Vitis folio fubrotundo, uva coryrnbofa casruleo. 
Plum. Gen. 18. 
2. Cissus ( Sicyoides ) foliis ovatis nudis fetaceo ferratis. 
Lin. Sp. 170. Wild Grape with oval leaves which are 
flawed. Bryonia alba geniculate, violas foliis, baccis 
e viridi-purpurafeentibus. Sloan. Hift. jam. 1. p. 10G 
3. Cissus [ Acida ) foliis ternatis obiongis carnofis mci~ 
fis. Lin. Sp. 170. Wild Grape with trifoliate leaves, 
which are oblong , flejhy , and cut on their edges. Vitis 
trifolia minor coryrnbofa, acinis nigrioribus turbina- 
tis. Plum. Sp. 18. 
4. Cissus ( Trifoliata ) foliis ternatis fubrotundis fubden- 
tatis. Lin. Sp. 170. Wild Grape with roundifh trifoliate 
leaves , which are fightly indented. Bryonia alba tri- 
phylla maxima. Sloan. Hift. Jam. 1. p. 106. 
Thefe plants all of them grow naturally in the 
ifland of Jamaica, and in fome of the other ifland$ 
in the warm parts of America, where they fend out flen- 
der branches, having tendrils at their joints, by which, 
they fallen to the neighbouring trees, bufhes, and 
any other fupport, mounting to a confiderable height. 
The firft fort produces bunches of fruit, whiclTare 
frequently eaten by the negroes, but are chiefly food 
for. birds and wild fowl, as indeed are molt of the 
fruit of the other forts, as they all grow in the un- 
cultivated parts. 
The plants are preferved in fome of the European 
gardens, more for the fake of variety, than for ufe 
or beauty, as they rarely produce either fruit or flow- 
ers in moderate climates. They are propagated ei- 
ther by laying their flexible branches down in pots of 
earth, where they will put out roots in four or five 
months, or by planting cuttings in pots filled with 
light earth, which fhould be plunged into a moderate 
hot-bed of tanners bark, covering the pots clofely with 
hand-glafles to exclude tjie outer air : the cuttings 
mufl be frequently refrefhed with water, but not too 
much given at each time. When thefe or the layers 
are well rooted, they fhould be carefully taken up, 
and each planted in a fmall pot filled with light earth, 
and plunged into the hot-bed of tan, where they 
fhould conflantly remain, being too tender to thrive 
in England, but with this care. Therefore they 
fhould be fhifted into larger pots when it is neceflary, 
and their branches mufl be fupported with flakes, to 
prevent them from trailing over the neighbouring 
plants ; and in warm weather the plants fhould have 
free air admitted to them daily. With this treatment 
they 'will thrive very well. 
C I S T U S. Lin. Gen. Plant. 598. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 
259. tab. 136. [It is fo called from Kilrk, or Kurad?, 
Gr. Ivy, becaufe its fmall feminal vefTel is inciofed in 
a cifta, or little cheft. J Rock-role. 
The Characters are, 
The flower hath a five-leaved empalement which is perma- 
nent , two of the middle alternate leaves being fmatter than 
the other. The flower hath five large roundifh petals which 
fpread open it hath a great number of hairy ftamina , 
which are fhorter than the petals , and are terminated by- 
fmall roundifh fummits. In the center is ftuated a roundifh 
germen , fupporting a fingle ftyle the length of the ftamina , 
crowned by a plain orbicular ftigma. The germen after- 
ward becomes an oval clofe cap fide, having in fome five 3 
and others ten cells , filled with fmall roundifh feeds. 
This 
