J 
C I T 
When the whips are ftifficiently laden with this'greafe, 
they take a knife, and fcrape it clean off the it raps, 
and make it up into a mafs of cakes of different fizes ; 
this is .what comes to us under the name of ladanum, 
or labdanum. A man. that is diligent, will gather 
three pounds two ounces per day, or more, which 
. they fell for a crown on the fpot •, this work is rather 
unpieafant than laborious, becaufe it muft be done in 
’ the hotteft time of the day, and in the greatelt calm-, 
v arid yet the pureft ladanum is not free from filth, 
becaufe the winds of the preceding days have blown 
duft upon thefe fnrubs, which, by the glewy fub- 
ftance upon the fuimc.es of the leaves, is thereby de- 
tained and mixed therewith. But to add weight to 
this drug, they knead it up with a very fine blackifh 
fand, which is found in thofe parts, as if nature her- 
felf was minded to teach them how to adulterate this 
commodity. It is no eafy thing to difcover this cheat, 
when the fand has been well blended with the la- 
danum ; in order to which you muft chew it for 
feme time, to find whether it crackles between the 
teeth, and if it doth, you muft firft diffolve it, and 
then ftrain it, in order to purify away what has been 
added to it. 
CITHAREXYLUM. Lin. Gen. Plant. 678. 
Fiddle-wood. 
The Characters are. 
The empalement of the flower is bell-fhaped , ofl one leaf \ 
indented in five parts. The flower is of one leaf \ funnel- 
Jhaped , divided at the top into jive equal parts , which 
fpread open. It hath four fiamina which adhere to the 
tube , two of them being longer than the other , terminated 
by oblong fummits with two lobes. In the center is fi- 
tuated the roundifh germen , fupporting a fender ftyle , 
crowned by an obtufe double-headed ftigrna. The germen 
afterward becomes a capfule with two cells , each having 
a Jingle feed. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fecftion 
of Linnaeus’s fourteenth clafs, intitled Difiynamia 
Angiofpermia; the plants of this fection have two 
long, and two Ihort ftarnina, and the feeds are in- 
cluded in a capfule. 
The Species are, 
1. Cith arexylum ( Cinereum ) ramis angulatis, foliis 
ovato-lanceolatis venis candicantibus. Fiddle-wood with 
angular branches , and oval fpear-fhaped leaves , having 
white veins. Citharexylum arbor laurifolia Americana, 
foliorum venis latis candicantibus. Pluk. Almag. 108. 
Fiddle-wood with oval fpear-fhaped leaves , which are 
veined , indented , and placed by threes , angular branches , 
and flowers growing in loofe bunches. This is the common 
Fiddle-wood of America. 
2. Citharexylum ( Album ) foliis oblongo-ovatis, in- 
tegris, oppofitis, ramis angulatis, floribus fpicatis. 
Fiddle-wood with oblong , oval . , entire leaves growing op- 
pofite , angular branches , and flowers growing in fpikes. 
Berberis fructu arbor maxima baccifera, racemofa, 
foliis integris obtufis, flore albo pentapetalo odora- 
tifllmo, frudu nigro monopyreno. Sloan. Cat. Jam. 
170. Fiddle-wood , or Fiddle-wood. 
The firft fort grows common in moft of the ifiands 
in the Weft-Indies, where it rifes to a great height, 
and becomes a very large timber-tree ; fhe wood of 
which is greatly eiteemed for buildings, being very 
durable. 
This hath an upright trunk fifty or fixty feet high, 
fending out branches on every fide, which have fe- 
ver al angles, or ribs, running longitudinally, gar- 
nifned by three oval fpear-fhaped leaves at every 
print, handing in a triangle, upon Ihort foot-ftalks. 
• ’The leaves are about four inches long, and one or 
two broad, of a lively green colour, pretty much 
notched on- their edges, having feveral deep veins 
running from the midrib to the edges, which are of 
a whim colour on their upper fide, and very prominent 
. on their under. The flowers come out from the fides, 
. and alio at the end of the branches, in loofe bunches, 
which are fucceeded by final] pulpy berries, inclofing 
two feeds in each. 
The fecond fort is a native of the fame ifiands with 
C I T 
the firft. This is alfo a very large tree, whofe timber 
is greatly valued in America, for buildings, being 
very. durable-, and from thence I have been informed 
the French gave it the title of Fiddle- wood, which 
the Englifh have rendered- -Fiddle-wood and home 
have fuppofed that the wood -was ufed for making 
thofe muficai inftruments, which is a great, miftake. 
This tree rifes with a ftrong upright trunk to the 
height of fixty feet or more, fending- out many an- 
gular branches. Handing oppofite, which are covered 
with a loofe whitifh bark, (from whence the inhabitants 
give it the name of white Fiddle- wood,) g a milked with 
oval oblong leaves, handing oppofite, on Ihort foot- 
ftalks ; thefe are of a lucid green, and are rounded at 
their ends. The flowers comeout in long loole ipikes, 
toward the end of the branches, which are white, 
and fmell -very fweet , thefe are followed by fmal.1, 
roundifh, pulpy berries, each indofing a Angle feed. 
The firft fort hath been long preferved in forne of 
the curious gardens in England, for the fake of va- 
riety. The leaves continuing through the year, and 
being of a fine green colour, make a pretty variety in 
the ftove during the winter feafon : this may be pro- 
pagated either by feeds, or cuttings j the latter is the 
ufual method in England, where the feeds are not 
produced ; but when feeds can be obtained from 
abroad, the plants which rile from them are much 
better than thofe raifed from cuttings. 
The feeds of this fort fhould be fown in fmall pots 
early in the fpring, and plunged into a frelh hot-bed 
of tanners bark, and treated in the fame manner as 
other exotic feeds, which are brought from hot coun- 
tries. If the feeds are frelh, the plants will appear 
in fix or feven weeks, and in about one month more 
will be fit to tranfplant; when this is done, the 
plants Ihould be carefully feparated, fo as not to tear, 
or break off their roots, and each planted in a fmall 
pot filled with light frelh earth, and plunged into 
the hot- bed again, obferving to Ihade them till they 
have taken frelh root; after which they fhould have 
a large Ihare of air admitted to them in warm weather, 
and muft be frequently watered; in autumn the plants 
Ihould be removed into the bark-ftove, where it will 
be proper to keep them the firft winter, till they 
have obtained ftrength ; then they may be afterward 
kept in a dry ftove in winter, and in the middle of 
fummer they may be expofed in the open air for two 
or three months, in a warm fituation, with which 
management the plants will make better progrefs 
than when they are more tenderly treated. 
If the cuttings of thefe plants are planted in fmall pots 
during the fummer months, and plunged into a 
moderate hot-bed, they will take root, and may af- 
terward be treated in the fame manner as the feedling 
plants. 
The feeds of the fecond fort were fent me by William 
Williams, Efq; from Jamaica, which have fucceeded 
in the phyfic garden at Chelfea ; but as the plants 
have not yet flowered, I can give no other account 
of them, than what is before-mentioned ; however, 
they feem to be full as hardy as thofe of the firft fort, 
and make full as great progrels. The leaves of this 
fort continue all the year, and having a gloffy green 
colour, make a pretty appearance in the winter 
feafon. 
CITRUS. Lin. Gen. Plant. 807. Citreum. Tourn. 
Inft. R. H. 620. tab. 395, 396. The Citron-tree. 
The Characters are. 
The empalement of the flower is of one leaf \ indented in 
five parts. The flower hath five oblong , thick petals , 
which fpread open , and are a little concave ; it hath ten 
fiamina , which a/re not equal , and join in three bodies at 
their bafle , terminated by oblong fummits. The oval germen 
in the center fupports a cylindrical ftyle , crowned by a 
globular ftigrna ; the germen afterward becomes an oblong 
fruit , with a thick flefhy Jkin filled with a fucculent pulp , 
having many cells , each containing two oval hard feeds. 
Dr. Linnaeus has joined the Aurantiuni 'and Limon 
to this genus, making them only different fpecies of 
the lam* genus ; but all the varieties of Citron which 
I have 
