C 1 T 
T h aye examined, have but ten (lamina in tneir flow- 
ers, whereas thofe of the Orange have more, lb that 
thefe may be feparated on that tiilforefice ; bn . lour- 
nefort adds, as a diftinguiftiing character to mis ge- 
nus, the appendix which grows to the foot - talk of 
the leaf. However, I (hall not fo clofely fol low Lin- 
naeus, in joining thole things together, W 'ch have 
by all the writers on botany and garden ng been 
kept feparate, left I fhould render this work unin- 
telligible to thofe who have not ma.de botany tneu 
ftudy. 
The Species are, 
1. Citrus ( Medica ) fructu oblongo, majori, mucrona- 
to, cortice craflo rugofo. Citron with a larger , oblong , 
pointed fruit, having a thick rough rind. Malum 
Citreum dulci medulla. Fet. Help. 72. The Sweet 
Citron. 
2. Citrus {Tuber of a) fruclu oblongo, cortice tuberofa 
rugofo. Citron with an oblong fruit , having a rough 
' knobbed' rind. Malum Citreum vuigare. Fer. Help. 
^7. The common Citron. 
There are feveral varieties of this fruit, with which 
the Enslifii gardens have been Supplied from Genoa, 
where is the great nurfery for the feveral parts of Eu- 
rope for this fort, as alfo Orange and Lemon-trees •, 
and the gardeners who cultivate them there, are as 
fond of introducing a new variety to their collection, 
as the nurfery-men in England are of a new Pear, Ap- 
ple, Peach, &c. fo that the varieties being annually 
increafed, as are many of our fruits from feeds, there 
is like to be no end of the vatiety of thefe, nor of 
the Orange and Lemon-trees. 
The fruit of the Citron is feldom eaten raw, as thofe 
of the Orange, but they are generally preferved, and 
made into fweetmeats, which are by fome perfons 
greatly efteemed ; and as thefe are kept till winter 
and fpring, when there is a fcarcity of fruit for fur- 
niftfmg out the defert, they are the more valuable ; 
but unlefs the feafons are warm, and the trees are 
well managed, the fruit rarely ripens in England. 
Some of the faireft fruit which I have feen growing 
in England, were in the gardens of his late grace the 
Duke of Argyle, at Whitton, where the trees were 
trained againft a fouth wall, through which there 
are flues contrived for warming the air in winter, 
and glafs-covers to put over them when the weather 
begins to be cold. In this place the fruit were as 
large, and perfectly ripe, as they are in Italy or Spain. 
The feveral forts of Citrons are cultivated much in 
the fame manner as the Orange-tree, to which I fnall 
refer the reader, to avoid repetition ; but Avail only 
remark, that thefe are fomewhat tenderer than the 
Orange, and fhould therefore have a warmer fituation 
in winter, otherwife they are very fubjedt to call their 
fruit. They fhould alfo continue a little longer in the • 
houfe, in the ipring, and be carried in again fooner in 
the autumn ; as alfo have a warmer and better de- 
fended fituation in the fummer, though not too much 
expofed to the fun in the heat of the day. 
And as their leaves are larger, and their flioots 
ftronger, than thofe of the Orange, they require a lit- 
tle more water in the fummer ; but in winter they 
fhould have but little water at each time, which 
muft be the oftener repeated. The foil ought to be 
much the fame as for the Orange-tree, but not quite 
fo ftrong. 
The common Citron is much the beft ftock to bud 
any of the Orange or Lemon kinds upon, it being 
the ftraiteft and free ft growing tree. The rind is 
fmoother, and the wood lefs knotty, than either the 
Orange or Lemon ; and will take either fort full as 
well as its own kind, which is what none of the other 
forts will do : and thefe flocks, if rightly managed, 
will be very ftrong the fecond year after fowing, ca- 
pable to receive any buds, and will have ftrength to 
force them out vigoroully •, whereas it often happens, 
when thefe buds are inoculated into weak flocks, they 
frequently die, or remain till the fecond year before 
they put out ; and thofe that fhoot the next fpring af- 
ter budding, are oftentimes fo weak as hardly to be 
C L A 
fit to remain, being incapable to make a ftrait hand* 
fome item, which is the great beauty of thefe trees. 
Cl TRUE. See Pepo. 
CL AR Y. See Sclarea. 
CLAYTONIA, Gron. Flor. Virg. Lin. Gen. Plank 
2 a o. 
The Characters are, 
T hr flower hath a two-leaved oval empakment , with a 
trcnherfe bafe : it hath five oblong oval petals, which 
'are indented at the top, and five awl-floaped recurved fta- 
mina , which are floor ter than the petals, terminated bf 
oblong fummits. In the center is ‘ fituated an oval germ en, 
fupporting a Jingle jlyle, crowned by a trifid ftigma. The 
germen afterward becomes a rcundijh capfuls , having three 
cells, opening with three daflic valves, and filled with 
round feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feCtion of 
Linnaeus’s fifth clafs, in titled Pentandria Monogynia, 
the flower having five ftaminaand but one ftyle. 
The Species are,. , 
1. Claytonia ( Virginica ) folks linearibus. Lin. Sp. 
Plant. 294. Claytonia with very narrow leaves. Orni- 
thogalo affinis Virginiana, flare purpurea pentapeta- 
loide. Pluk. Aim. 272. 
2. Claytonia ( Siberica ) folks ovatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 
294. Claytonia with oval leaves. Lirania. A At. Stockh. 
1746. 
The firft fort grows naturally in Virginia, from 
whence it was font by Mr. Clayton to England, and 
received its tirle from him. 
It hath a fmall tuberous root, which fends out low 
(lender ftalks in the fpring, about three inches high, 
which have each two or three fucculent narrow leaves 
about two inches long, of a deep green colour. At 
the top of theftalk are four or five flowers produced. 
Handing in a loofe bunch ; thefe are compofed of 
five white petals which fpread open, and are fpotted 
with red on their inftde ; after thefe fall away, the 
germen becomes a roundifh capfule divided into three 
cells, which are filled with roundifh feeds. The flow- 
ers appear in April, and the feeds ripen in June, loon 
after which the plant decays to the root. 
The fecond fort mows naturally in Siberia.' This is 
1 f * .« 
a low plant, feldom riling more than two or three 
inches high ; the root is tuberous, fending out three 
or four oval leaves ; the foot-ftalk of the flower arifes 
immediately from the root, fuftaining two or three 
fmall white flowers of the fame fhape with thofe of 
the firft fort, fo make but little figure in a garden. 
The plants are both propagated by feeds, and alfo 
from offsets fent out from the roots : the feeds fhould 
be fown upon a fhady border of light earth, or in 
pots filled with the like mould, foon after they are 
ripe; for if they are kept out of the ground till 
fpring, the plants will not come up till the next year ; 
whereas thofe which are fown early in the autumn, 
will grow the following Ipring, fo that a whole year 
is gained. When the plants come up, they will re- 
quire no other care but to keep them clean from 
weeds ; and in the autumn, if fome old tanners bark 
is fpread over the furface of the ground, it Will fe- 
cure the roots from being injured by froft which, if 
it Ihould prove very fevere, might injure the young 
plants, but in mild winters they will not require pro- 
tection. 
The beft time to tranfplant the roots is about Micha- 
elmas, when they are inactive ; but as they are fmall, 
if great care is not taken in opening the ground, 
the roots may be buried and loft ; for they are of a 
dark colour, fo are not eafily diftinguifhed from the 
ground. 
C L, A V I C L E [Claviculus, LoJfl] a clafper or tendril. 
CLEMATIS. Lin. Gen. Plant. 616. Clematitis. 
C. B. P. 300. [Kx-npuTig, of KXijjwa, a twig or clafper, 
& c. becaufe it climbs up trees with clafpers, like 
thofe of Vines. Hence it is called Viimiltum due- 
tile, Ranunculus obfequiofus ; and alfo Antrogeno- 
rnene, and Flammula, as though producing a car- 
buncle ; for the leaves being bruifed, and applied to 
the fkin, burn it into carbuncles, as it is in the pefti- 
lence ; 
