/tejoy' the free air at all times wlieft the weather is 
mild. 
When the plants advance in height, their hems and 
branches muft be fupported, otherwife they will trail 
upon the ground. In fummer they muft be placed 
in the open air, with Myrtles and other hardy green- 
houie plants •, and in winter the plants may be treated 
in the lame manner as thofe, but muft have little water 
in winter. _ This plant has endured the cold of our or- 
dinary winters, when planted near a fouth-weft wall 
without covering, but in fevere winters they are always 
deftroyed. 
The fecond fort is a native of the fame country as 
the firft •, this hath very flender ligneous ftalks, which 
muft be fupported, otherwife they will fail to the 
ground. , Thefe fend out flender branches on every 
fide, which are clofely garniftied with trifoliate leaves 
ftanding clofe to the branches ; the middle lobes of 
thefe are much larger than the two fide, and are in- 
dented in three parts. The flowers of this come out 
from, the bofoin of the leaves, having very fhort 
foot-ftalks, and are fhaped like thole of the firft, but 
are i mailer * thefe appear in July and Auguft. Of 
this fort we have only male plants in the Englifh 
1 gardens, which can only be propagated by layers •, 
and as thefe are two years before they take root, the 
plants are at prefent very rare in England. This fort 
requires the fame management as the firft, and is 
equally hardy, but muft not be over watered in winter. 
The leaves of this fort continue green all the year, 
and being Angularly fhaped, they make a variety in 
the green-houfe during the winter feafon. 
The third fort riles with a weak fhrubby ftalk about 
four feet high, fending out lateral branches, which 
are covered with a whitifti bark, and are garnifhed 
with leaves, placed in clufters without order ; thefe 
are ftiff, of the confiftence and colour of the Butchers 
Broom, but are narrower, and run out to a longer 
point. Between thefe clufters of leaves the flowers 
come out in loofe bunches, thefe have a great number 
of yellowifh ftamina, included in a three-leaved em- 
palement. We have only the male plant of this fort, 
which is very difficult to propagate, fo is very rare 
in Europe at prefent. 
This plant is tenderer than either of the former forts, 
fo ftiould be placed in a warm green-houfe in 
winter, and during that feafon, they muft have but 
little water. In the fummer they may be expofed to 
the open air in a fheltered fituation, but they ffiould 
not remain abroad too late in the autumn ; for if there 
fhould be much rain at that feafon, it would endanger 
thefe plants if they are expofed to it. 
CLIMATE [of K \(pat, Gr. an inclination,] is a 
part of the furface of the earth bounded by two circles 
parallel to the equator •, fo that the longeft day in 
that parallel, neareft to' the pole, exceeds the longeft 
day in that parallel neareft to the equator by fome 
certain fpace of time, viz. half an hour, till you come 
to places fttuate nearly under the ardic circle ; and 
a whole hour, or even feveral days when you go be- 
yond it. 
The ancient Greek geographers reckoned only feven 
climates from the equator towards the north pole, and 
denominated them from fome noted place, through 
which the middle parallel of the climate palled ; but 
the moderns reckon up twenty-four. 
The beginning of the climate is the parallel circle, 
wherein the day is the Ihorteft. 
The end of the climate is that wherein the day is the 
longeft. 
The climates therefore are reckoned from the equa- 
tor to the pole ; and are fo many bands or zones, 
terminated by lines parallel to the equator ; though 
in ftridnefs there are feveral climates in the breadth 
of one zone. 
Each climate only differs from its contiguous ones, in 
that the longeft day in fummer is longer or fhorter by 
half an hour in one place than the other. 
As the climates commence from' the equator, the 
firft climate at its beginning has its longeft day pre- 
tifely twelve hours long •, at its end twelve hmr$ 
and a half : the fecond, which begins where the firft 
ends* viz. at twelve hours and a half, ends at 
thirteen hours : and fo of the. reft, as far as the polar 
circles. 
Here what geographers call hour-climates terminate, 
and month-climates commence. 
As an hour-climate is a fpace comprifed between two 
parallels of the equator, in the firft of which the 
longeft day exceeds that in the latter by half an hour; 
fo the month-climate is a fpace between two circles 
parallel to the polar circles, whofe longeft day is 
longer or fhorter than that of its contiguous one by a 
month, or thirty days. 
The antients, who confined the climates to what they 
imagined the habitable part of the earth, only allowed 
, of feven, as had been faid : the firft they made to 
pafs through Meroe, the fecond through Sienna, the 
third through Alexandria, the fourth through Rhodes, 
the fifth through Rome, the ftxth through Pontus, 
and the feventh through the mouth of the Boryfi- 
henes. 
The moderns, who have failed farther towards the 
poles, make thirty climates on each fide •, and becaufe 
the obliquity of the fphere makes a little difference 
in the length of the longeft day, fome of them make 
the difference of the climate but a quarter of an hour 
inftead of half an hour. 
The term climate is vulgarly beftowed on any coun- 
try or region differing from another, either in refpeft 
of the feafons, the quality of the foil, or even the 
manners of the inhabitants* without any regard to the 
length of the longeft day. 
CLINOPODIUM. Lin. Gen. Plant. 644. Tourm 
Inft. R. H. 194. tab. 92.. Field Bafil. 
The Characters are, 
It hath an involucrum cut into many parts, is the lemth 
of the empalement , upon which the whorls fit. ‘The em- 
palement is of one leaf with a cylindrical tube , which is 
divided into two lips ; the upper lip is broad , trifid, acute , 
and reflexed ; the under lip is cut into two narrow feg- 
ments, which turn inward. The flower is of the lip kind » 
with a fhort tube enlarging to the mouth ; the upper lip is 
erebl, concave, and indented at the top , which is obtufe ; 
the under lip is trifid and obtufe, the middle fegment heinr 
broad and indented. It hath four ftamina under the upper 
lip, two of which are fhorter than the other , terminated 
by roundifh fummits in the center is fituated the qua- ' 
dripartite gerrnen , fupporting a flender ftyle the length of 
the ftamina, crowned by a fingle comprejfed ftigma. The 
germen afterward become four oval feeds Jhut up in the 
empalement . 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedion of 
JLinnreus’s fourteenth clafs, intitled Didynamia Gym- 
nofpermia. The flowers of this clafs and fedion, 
have two long, and two fhort ftamina, which are fuc- 
ceeded by four naked feeds. 
The Species are, 
1. Clinopodium ( Vulgare ) capitulis fubrotundis 1 , hif- 
pidis, btadeis fetaceis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 587. Field 
Bafil with roundiflo prickly heads, and briftly bratdea. Cli- 
nopodium Origano fimile* elatius, majore fiore. C. 
B. P. 225. Common Englifh Field Bafil. 
2. Clinopodium ( Incanum ) foliis fubtus tomentofis, 
verticillis explanatis, bradeis lanceolatis. Lin. Sp. 
Plant. 588. Field Bafil with leaves which are woolly on 
the under fide , broad plain whorls , and fpear-floaped 
bradlea. Clinopodium menthas folio incanum, & 
odoratum. Hort. Elth. 87. 
3. Clinopodium ( Rugofitm ) foliis rugofis, capitulis ax- 
illaribus, pedunculatis, explanatis, radiatis. Lin. Sp. 
Plant. 588. Field Bafil with rough leaves, plain heads 
growing on the fldes of the ftalks, which have foot-ftcdks y 
and are radiated. Clinopodium rugofum, capitulis 
fcabiofe. Hort. Elth. 88. . 
4. Clinopodium ( Humile ) humile ramofum, foliis ru- 
gofioribus, capitulis explanatis. Low branching Field 
Bafil with rougher leaves , and plain heads. Clinopodium 
Amerieanum humile, foliis rugofioribus. Dale. 
5. Cli- 
