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countries than in England •, thefe are propagated by 
feeds, which fhould be fown upon a border of light 
earth where they are to remain, and will require no 
other culture, but to thin them if they come up too 
clofe, and keep them clean from weeds. The feeds 
may be fown cither in the fpring or autumn ; thofe 
which are fown in autumn will grow much larger, 
and flower earlier than thofe which are fown in the 
fpring, and from them there will be a greater cer- 
tainty of having ripe feeds. If the feeds fcatter, the 
plants will come up, and, if kept clean from weeds, 
they will thrive without farther care. 
The fecond fort is a perennial plant, lo fhould be 
fown upon a warm border and on a dry foil. This 
grows naturally on the borders of the fea, in the fouth 
of France and Italy ; but when it is cultivated in a 
garden, if the foil is rich and moift, the plants gene- 
rally grow luxuriant in fummer, and are thereby too 
replete with moifture, fo that they are frequently 
killed by the froft in winter ; but when they grow on 
a poor, dry, gravelly foil, their ftalks will be fhort, 
ligneous, and tough, fo will endure the cold of this 
climate, and continue feveral years. This is propa- 
gated by feeds, which fhould be fown where the 
plants are defigned to remain ; or if any of them are 
removed, it fhould be done when the plants are 
young, for they do not bear tranfplanting well, when 
they are grown pretty large. 
CNEORUM. Lin. Gen. Plant. 47. Chamelsea. 
Tourn. Inft. R. H. 6.51. tab. 421. Widow-wail. 
The Characters are, 
The flower hath a flmall permanent empalement , indented 
in three parts. It hath three narrow oblong petals , 
which are eredt , and three flamina which are jhorter 
than the petals , terminated by flmall flummts. In the 
center is fituated an obtufle three-cornered germen , flupport- 
ing a firm erect fltyle , crowned by a trifid flpreading ftigma. 
’The germen afterward becomes a globular dry berry, with 
three lobes , having three cells , each containing one round 
feed. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firfb fecftion 
of Linnaeus’s third clafs, intitled Triandria Mono- 
gynia, the flower having three flamina and one 
ftyle. 
We have but one Species of this genus, viz. 
Cneorum ( Tricoccum ). Hort. Cliff. 18. Widow-wail. 
Chamelaea Tricocccs of Dodonasus and Cafpar 
Bauhin. 
This is an humble flirub, which feldom rifes more 
than two feet and a half high in this country, but 
fpreads out on every fide with many lateral branches, 
fo as to form a thick bufh. The Items are ligneous, 
and almoft as hard as thofe of the Box-tree, and the 
wood is of a pale yellow colour under the bark : the 
branches are garnifhed with thick fliff leaves, of an 
oblong oval fhape, about an inch and a half long, 
and a quarter of an inch broad, of a dark green co- 
lour, having a flrong vein or rib through the middle. 
The flowers are produced fingle from the wings of 
the leaves, toward the extremity of the branches, 
which are of a pale yellow colour, compofed of three 
petals, which fpread open, and a round germen at 
the bottom, having a fingle ftyle, which doth not 
rife above half the length of the flamina, which are 
three in number. Handing ere6l, and are fituated be- 
tween the petals. After the flowers are fallen, the 
germen becomes a fruit, compofed of three feeds 
joined together after the fame manner as thofe of Ti- 
thymalus or Spurge ; thefe are firft green, afterwards 
turn of a brown colour, and when ripe are black. 
The flowers begin to appear in May, and are fuc- 
ceeded by others during the fummer months ; and, 
when the autumn proves favourable, thefe fhrubs 
will continue in flower till the end of Qftober. 
As this is a low evergreen flirub, it may be very or- 
namental, if placed in the front of plantations of 
evergreen trees and fhrubs ; for as the branches grow 
pretty compact, and are well garnifhed with leaves, 
it will hide the ground between the taller fhrubs bet- 
ter than moft other plants •, and, being a durable 
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ffrub, will not want to be removed : it rifes better 
from Scattered feeds, than if fown with care. 
This was formerly preferved in green -houfes, and 
thought too tender to live in the open air in England ; 
but of late years people have planted it in the full 
ground, where it refills the cold of our ordinary win- 
ters very well, and is feldom injured but by extreme 
hard frofts nor do thefe kill the plants which grow 
upon dry, rocky, or rubbifhing foils, where their 
ftioots are generally fhort and firm ; but in moift rich 
ground, where the ftioots are more luxuriant, they 
are fometimes injured. 
It is propagated by feeds, which fhould be fown in 
autumn foon after they are ripe, and then the plants 
will come up the following fpring ; whereas thofe 
which are not fown till the fpring, v/ill remain a year 
in the ground, and often mifearry : thefe feeds may 
be fown in a bed of common earth, covering them 
half an inch deep, and will require no other care but 
to keep the plants clear from weeds the following 
fummer; and in the autumn following, the plants 
may be transplanted where they are to remain. 
C N I C U S. Lin. Gen. Plant. 833. Tourn. Inft. R. H* 
450. tab. 257. Bleffed Thiftle. 
The Characters are. 
The empalement of the flower is compofed of many oval 
feales , placed over each other ; thofe toward the top are 
terminated by branching fpines. The flower is compofed of 
feveral hermaphrodite florets , which are uniform •, thefe 
are funncl-fhaped , and cut at the top into five equal feg- 
ments , ftanding eredl , each having five floort hairy flamina. 
terminated by cylindrical funmits. In the center is fituated 
a floort germen , crowned with down , fupporting a /lender 
ftyle , terminated by an oblong ftigma. The germen after- 
ward becomes a fingle feed , crowned with down , and flout 
up in the empalement. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feflion of 
Linnaeus’s nineteenth clafs, intitled Syngenefia Poly- 
gamia fEqualis. The plants of this feftion have only 
hermaphrodite flowers, which are -fruitful* 
The Species are, 
1. Cnicus (fiEr ifith ales) caule ereflo, foliis inferioribus 
laciniatis, fuperioribus integris concavis. Hort. Cliff* 
394. Cnicus with an upright flalk , whofe lower leaves 
are laciniated , the upper entire and concave. Cnicus 
pratenfis. Acanthi folio, fiore fiavefeente. Tourn. 
Inft. 450. 
2. Cnicus ( Spinofiflimus ) foliis amplexicaulibus, finuato- 
pinnatis, fpinofis, caule fimplici, fioribus feflllibus. 
Lin. Sp. Plant. 826. Cnicus with winged , fiinuated , 
prickly leaves embracing the flalk , and flowers fitting 
clofe on the top. Cirftum Alpinum fpinoftftimum, fio- 
ribus ochro-leucis inter flavefcentia folia congeftis. 
Haller, tab. 20. 
3. Cnicus ( Cernuus ) foliis cordatis, petiolis crifpis fpi- 
nofis amplexicaulibus, fioribus cernuis. Hort. Upfah 
251. Cnicus with heart-Jhaped leaves , having curled 
prickly foot-ftalks which embrace the ftalks , and a nod- 
ding flower. Carduus foliis ex cordato-lanceolatis, 
margine ferratis & fpinofis, fquamis caiycum membra- 
naceis, laceris fpinofis, capitulis nutantibus. Flor. 
Sib. 2. p. 47. 
The firft fort grows naturally in the northern parts of 
Europe. Mr. Ray found it growing on the Rhine 
near Bafil. This hath a perennial root, which fends 
out many long jagged leaves, fpreading on every 
fide near the ground, fo as to form a thick tuft; 
thefe are jagged almoft to the midrib, in form of a 
winged leaf. The ftalks are ftriated, fmooth, and 
rife above four feet high, dividing at the top into 
fmaller branches : the leaves which grow upon the 
ftalks are entire, heart-fhaped, concave, and erm 
brace the ftalks, and are fawed on their edges, each 
indenture ending in a weak fpine : the ftalks are ter- 
minated by large heads of flowers, growing in drif- 
ters ; they are of a whitifh yellow colour, and inclofed 
in a fcaly empalement, and are fucceeded by Email 
oblong feeds, crowned with a briftly down. It flow- 
ers in June, and the feeds ripen in autumn. 
This 
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