C O L 
This fort may be propagated by feeds, or parting the 
roots i the latter is commonly pradifed where there 
are any of the plants, but the feeds are more eafily 
conveyed to a dillant place. The belt time to part 
the roots is in autumn ; it delights in (hade, and 
requires no farther care but to keep it clean from 
weeds. 
The fecond fort grows naturally on the Alps, and 
on the mountains of Auftria. This rifes with an 
upright fingle ftalk near four feet high, garnilhed 
with finuated leaves, which are very prickly, and 
embrace the ftalks with their bafe. The flowers 
are produced at the top of the ftalk, furrounded 
by a duller of broad prickly leaves, fitting dole 
to the ftalk •, they are of a whitifh yellow, and ap- 
pear at the fame time with the former fort. It is a 
perennial plant, which may be propagated in the fame 
manner as the former, and requires a moift foil and a 
ftiady fttuation. 
The third fort grows naturally in Siberia, from 
whence the feeds were fent to the imperial garden at 
Peterfburgh, where they fucceeded, and produced 
feeds, part of which were fent me by the profelfor of 
botany; this hath a perennial root, compofed of 
thick flefhy fibres. The leaves which rife immedi- 
ately from the root are near a foot long, and near fix 
inches broad in the middle, diminifhing toward each 
end, and at a little diftance from the bafe are much 
contracted, but are wider at the end ; thefe have 
fearce any foot-ftalks ; they are of a deep green on 
their upper fide, but white on their under, and lharply 
fa wed on their edges. The ftalks rife more than fix 
feet high, fending out on each fide fmall branches 
above a foot long •, the ftalks are ftriated, and of a 
reddilh colour ; they are garniflied with heart-fhaped 
leaves, which almoft embrace the ftalks with their 
bafe, and are of the fame colour with thofe below ; 
each branch is terminated by one large globular head 
of yellowifh flowers, included in a fcaly empalement, 
each feale ending with a fharp fpine. This flowers 
in June, and the feeds ripen in autumn. It may be 
propagated in the fame manner as the two former 
forts, but requires a moift foil and fliady fttuation ; 
and if the weeds are kept down, there will be no far- 
ther care required. The inhabitants of Siberia eat 
the tender ftalks of this plant, when boiled, inftead of 
other vegetables. 
This is a perennial plant, which may be propagated 
by parting the roots : the belt time for doing of this 
is in autumn, that the plants may get good root in 
winter ; for thofe which are tranfpknted in the fpring, 
do not flower well the firft year, unlels they are 
planted in sl moift foil. As thefe plants grow very 
large, they are not proper furniture for fmall gardens, 
where they will take up too much room •, for they 
fhould not be planted nearer than four feet from each 
other, for if they are too near any other plants, they 
will rob them of their nourilhment •, for the roots of 
thefe extend to a great diftance, fo that two or three 
of thefe plants, for variety, are fufficient for any gar- 
'den, which may be planted at a diftance from choicer 
plants. 
It is alfo propagated by feeds, which may be fown in 
the fpring on a bed of common ground, in the fame 
manner as the other forts ; and will only require to be 
thinned, and kept clean from weeds till autumn, when 
they may be tranfplanted where they are defigned to 
remain. 
C O A. See Hippocratea. 
C O A S T-M A RY. See Tanacetum. 
COCCIGRIA. See Rhus. 
COCHLEARIA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 720. Tourn. 
In, ft. R. H. 215. tab. 101, [fo called of Cochleare, 
Lai. a fpoon, becauie the leaves of this plant are hol- 
lowed like a fpoon.] Spoonwort, or Scurvy Grafs. 
The Characters are. 
The empalement of the flower is • compofed of four oval 
concave leaves. ‘The flower hath four petals , placed in 
form of a crofs , which Jpread open , and are twice as large 
as the leaves of the empalement \ it hath fix famines , 
C O L 
four of which are longer than the other two \ thefi are 
terminated by obtufe compreffed fummits. The germen is 
heart-fhaped , fupporting a floor t fingle jlyle , crowned by an 
obtufe ftigma : this afterward becomes a gibbous , heart- 
fhaped , compreffed pod , fafiened to the Jlyle , having 
two cells , in each of which are lodged four roundifh 
feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft [fedion of 
Linnteus’s fifteenth clafs, intitled Tetradynamia Sili- 
culofa. The flowers of this clafs have four long and 
two ihort ftamina, and thofe of this fedion have very 
fhort pods. 
The Species are, 
1. Cochle aria ( Officinalis ) foliis radicalibus fubrotun- 
dis, caulinis oblongis fubfinuatis. Flor. Lapp. 256. 
Scurvy Grafs whofe lower leaves are roundifh , and thofe 
on the folks oblong and finuated. Cochlearia folio fub- 
rotundo. C. B. P. no. Round-leaved Scurvy Grafs. 
2 . Cochlearia {Anglica) foliis ovato-lanceolatis, finua- 
tis. F lor. Ang. 248. Scurvy Grafs with oval fpear- 
fhaped leaves , which are finuated. Cochlearia folio fl- 
nuato. C. B. P. no. Sea Scurvy Grafs. 
3. Cochlearia ( Granlandica ) foliis reniformibus, car- 
nofis integerrimis. Hort. Cliff. 498. Scurvy Grafs with 
kidney-ffaped leaves , which are flefhy and entire . Coch- 
learia minima ex montibus Wallite. Sher. Boerh. Ind. 
alt. 2 . p. 10. 
4. Cochlearia ( Danica ) foliis haftatis, angulatis. Flor. 
Suec. 196. Scurvy Grafs with angular fpear-Jhaped 
leaves. Cochlearia Armorica. H. R. Par. Danifh , or 
Ivy-leaved Scurvy Grafs. 
5. Cochleria ( Armoracia ) foliis radicalibus lanceolatis, 
crenatis, caulinis incifis. Hort. Cliff. 332. Scurvy 
Grafs whofe lower leaves are fpear-Jhaped and crenated , 
and thofe on the folks jagged. Raphanus Rufticanus. 
C. B. P. 96. Horfe Radifh. 
6 . Cochlearia ( Glaflifolia ) foliis caulinis cordato-fagit- 
tatis, amplexicaulibus. Hort. Cliff. 332. Scurvy Grafs 
whofe upper leaves are arrow-pointed , heart-fhaped , and 
embrace the folks. Cochlearia altiflima glafti folio. 
Inft. R. H. 21 6 . 
The firft fort grows naturally on the fea-fhore in the 
north of England, and in Holland, but is cultivated 
for ufe in the gardens near London. This is an an- 
nual plant, for the feeds are fown, and the plants de- 
cay within the compafs of one year, but the feeds 
fhould be fown early in autumn ; this hath a fibrous 
root, from which arife many round fucculent leaves, 
which are hollowed like a lpoon ; the ftalks rife from 
fix inches to a foot high ; thefe are brittle, and gar- 
nifhed with leaves, which are oblong and finuated. 
The flowers are produced in clufters at the end of 
the branches, confifting of four fmall white petals, 
which are placed in form of a crofs, and are fuc- 
ceeded by Ihort, roundifh, fwelling feed-veffels, hav- 
ing two cells, divided by a thinjpartition ; in each of 
thefe is lodged four or five roundifh feeds. It flowers 
in April, and the feeds ripen in June, foon after 
which it decays. 
This fort is propagated in gardens for medicinal ufes, 
which is done by lowing the feeds in July, foon after 
they are ripe, in a moift fhady fpot of ground •, and 
when the plants are come up, they fhould be thinned, 
fo as to be left at about four inches diftance each 
way. The plants that are taken out may be tranf- 
planted into other fliady borders, if there is occa- 
sion for them, otherwife they may be hoed out (as is 
pradiled for Onions, Carrots, &c.) and at the fame 
time all the weeds may be hoed down, fo as to clear 
the plants entirely from them, that they may have 
room to grow ftrong. In the fpring thefe plants will 
be fit for ufe •, and thofe that are buffered to remain 
will run up to feed in May, and perfed their feeds in 
June. If this plant is fown in the fpring, the feeds 
feldom grow well, therefore the bell time is foon after 
they are ripe. The plants rarely live after producing 
feeds, fo that it fhould be fown every year, to have it 
for ufe. 
The Sea Scurvy Grafs is alfo ufed in medicine ; but 
this grows in the fait marlhes in Kent and Effex, 
where 
