C R A 
branches on every fide, fo as to form a kind of pyra- 
mid, the lower branches being extended to a great 
length, and the other diminifhing gradually to the 
top s thefe are of a red or a purplifh colour, and very 
fucculent *, they are gam hired with roundifn fuccu- 
lent leaves very like thofe of Purflane, from whence 
the gardeners have titled it the Purflane-tree. 
This fort hath not flowered in England, though it has 
been many years in the gardens, fo that we are not 
fure if it is properly ranged in this genus •, but from 
the outward appearance it feems to be nearly allied to 
fome of the other fpecies, on which account Dr, Dil- 
lenius has placed it here. 
It is propagated with great facility by cuttings, which 
may be planted during any of the fummer months ; 
but thefe fhould be laid to dry for fome days before 
they are planted, that the wounded part may be heal- 
ed over, otherwife they will rot. This fort is fome- 
what tenderer than the four forts laft mentioned, fo 
mull be placed in a warm glafs-cafe in winter, where 
it may enjoy the full fun, and fhould have very little 
water during that feafon. In fummer the plants 
fhould be placed abroad in a fheltered fituation, and 
in warm weather will require to be refrefhed with wa- 
ter twice a week •, but as the ftalks are very fucculent, 
too much wet at any feafon is very hurtful to thefe 
plants. - , 
All the hardy forts of Craflfula may be treated in the 
fame way as the Ficoides, and other hardier kinds of 
fucculent plants, with this difference only, not to give 
them fo much water ; but the firft, fecond, and ele- 
venth forts require to be placed in a warm dry glafs- 
cafe in winter, and mu ft not be fo long expofed abroad 
in the fummer as the other fpecies, nor fhould have 
much water, efpecially in the winter. 
Thefe plants are prefer ved in moft curious gardens 
for the fake of variety, which confifts rqore in the out- 
ward appearance of their plants, than in the beauty 
of their flowers, except the firft fort, whofe flowers 
are of a beautiiiul fcarlet, and grow in clofe bunches at 
the end of the branches ; fo that when feveral of the 
branches are garnifhed with flowers at the fame time, 
they make a fine appearance, and thefe flowers con- 
tinue in beauty a long time but the flowers of the 
other forts are fmall, and moft of them are of an her- 
baceous colour, fo make no figure. 
Dr. Dillenius, who firft eftablifhed this genus, and fe- 
parated the fpecies from Cotyledon, to which many 
of them had been joined by forqier botanifts, made 
their difference to confift in the fhape of the flower ; 
fo that all the forts with long tubulous flowers of one 
leaf, he placed under the genus of Cotyledon, and 
thofe whofe flowers have five petals, he placed under 
this genus of Craffula : but Dr. Linnaeus makes their 
difference to confift in the number of their ftamina, 
fo that all thofe whofe flowers have but five ftamina, 
he ranges under the title of Craffula, and thofe which 
have ten ftamina, he puts under that of Cotyledon •, 
fo that by his fyftem they are removed to a great dis- 
tance from each other, s and the firft fort here mention- 
ed is brought from Cotyledon, with whofe characters 
in every other refpect it agrees, and is placed here. 
CRATTGU S. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 633. Lin. Gen. 
Plant. 547. The Wild Service. 
The Characters are, 
The flower hath a -permanent empalement of one leaf \ 
, cut into five concave figments , which fpread open. It hath 
five roundijh concave petals , which are inferted into the 
empalement , and many ftamina , terminated by roundijh 
fummits , which are alfo inferted in the empalement. The 
germen is fituated under the flow er , fuppor ting two fiender 
ftyles , crowned with roundijh ftigmas. The germen after- 
ward becomes an oval or roundijh umbilicated berry , in- 
' clofing two oblong hard feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fection 
of Linnaeus’s twelfth clafs, intitled Icofandria Digy- 
nia, the flower having twenty or more ftamina, which 
are inferted to the empalement, and two ftyles. 
The Species are, 
1. Crat^gus {Aria) foliis ovatis inasqualiter ferratis, 
C R A 
fiibtus tomentofis. Hort. Cliff. 187. Wild Service with 
oval leaves unequally fawed , and Woolly on their under 
fide. Crataegus folio fubrotundo, ferrato, fubtus m~ 
cano. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 633. Aria Theophrafti, and 
in iome countries, The White Beam , or white Leaf-tree. 
2. Crataegus ( Torminalis ) foliis cordatis feptangulis, 
lobis infimis divaricatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 476. * Wild 
Service with heart-Jhaped leaves , having fiven angles , 
whofe lower lobes fpread afunder . Crataegus folio laci- 
niato. Toum. Inft. 633. Wild , or Maple-leaved Service. 
3. Crat/egus ( Alpina ) foliis oblongo-ovatis ferratis, 
utrinque virentibus. Wild Service with oblong , oval, 
fawed leaves , which are green on both fides. Cratae- 
gus folio oblongo, ferrato, utrinque virenti. Tourn. 
Inft. 633. 
4. Crataegus ( Coccinea ) foliis ovatis repando-angulatis 
ferratis glabris. Hort. Cliff. 187. Crataegus with oval,' 
fmooth. Jawed leaves , having angles. Mefpilus fpinofa, fc. 
oxyacantha Virginiana maxima. Tourn. Inft. 633. 
Commonly called Cockfpur Hawthorn. 
5. Crataegus {Crus Galli) foliis lanceolato- ovatis ferra- 
tis glabris, ramis fpinofis, Lin. Sp. 682. Crataegus 
with oval , fpear-Jhaped, fawed leaves , and prickly branches , 
Mefpilus acufeata pyrifolia denticulato lplendens, 
frudu infigni rutilo, Virginienfis.. Pluk. Aim. 249. 
Commonly called Virginian L’Azarole. 
6 . Crat^gus ( Lucida ) foliis lanceolatis ferratis luci- 
dus, fpinis longiffimis, floribus corymbofis. Crataegus 
with lucid , fpear-Jhaped , fawed leaves , very long fpines, 
and flowers in a corymbus. Mefpilus prunifolius, fpi- 
nis longiffimis fortibus, frudu rubro magno. Fior. 
Virg. 55. 
7. Crataegus {Azarchs) foliis obtufis fubtrifidis denta- 
tis. Lin. Sp. 683. Crataegus with obtufi , trifid, indented 
leaves. Mefpilus Apii folio laciniato. C. B. P. 453. 
Commonly called Id Azarole. 
8. Crataegus ( Oxyacantha ) foliis obtufis fubtrifidis fer- 
ratis. Hort. Clift. 188. Crataegus with obtufi, trifid, 
fawed leaves. Mefpilus Apii folio, fylveftris fpinofa, fc. 
oxycantha. C. B. P. 454. The common White Thorn. 
9. Crataegus ( Tomentofa ) foliis cuneiformi-ovatis ferra- 
tis fubangulatis fubtus villofis ramis fpinofis. Lin. Sp. 
682. Crataegus with oval, wedge- Jhaped, fawed, angu- 
lar leaves, hoary on their under fide, and prickly branches . 
Mefpilus Virginiana groffulariae foliis. Pluk. Phyt. 
100. f. 1. 
The firft fort grows naturally on the chalky hills in 
Kent, Surry, and Suffex, and in fome other parts of 
England, and rifes to the height of thirty or forty 
feet, with a large trunk, dividing upward into many 
branches ; the young Ihoots have a brown bark, co- 
vered over with a meally down, garnifhed with oval 
leaves between two and three inches long, and one 
and a half broad in the middle, of a light green on 
their upper fide, but very white on their under, hav- 
ing many prominent tranfverfe veins, running from 
the midrib to the border, where they are unequally 
fawed, fome of the indentures being much deeper, 
and the fegments broader than others. The flowers 
are produced at the ends of the branches in bunches, 
their foot-ftalks being meally, as are alfo the empale- 
ments of the flowers, which are cut into five obtufe 
fegments, and are reflexed. The flowers have five 
lhort petals, which fpread open like thofe of the 
Pear-tree, having a great number of ftamina of the 
fame length with the petals, terminated by oval fum- 
mits. The germen, which is fituated below the flow- 
ers, afterwards becomes an oval fruit, crowned with 
the empalement of the flower, having one cell, in 
which is inclofed three or four feeds. It flowers in 
May, and the fruit ripens in autumn. 
This tree may be propagated by feeds, which fhould 
be fown foon after they are ripe *, for if they are kept 
out of the ground till fpring, they remain at leaft 
one year in the ground before the plants appear ; fo 
that the fruit fhould be buried in the ground, as is 
pradlifed with the common Haws, Holly-berries, and 
thofe other hard feeds which do not come up the fame 
year •, and when the plants come up, they may be 
treated in the fame manner as the Haws, but they 
fhould, 
