C R E 
C R E 
but fhoulct be fparingly watered in the winter 
feafoh. 
CREPIS. Lin. Gen. Plant. 819. Hieraicioides. Vaill. 
Act. R. Sc, i72i.,Hieraicium. Tourn. Ballard Hawk- 
weed. 
The Characters are, 
It hath a flower compofed ofl many hermaphrodite florets , 
which are included in a double empalement •, the outer is 
fljort , flpreading , and flails off-, the inner one is perma- 
nent , oval, and furrowed , having many narrow fcales , 
which a r re contracted together at the top. The herma- 
phrodite florets are of one leaf •, they are uniform , tongue- 
foaped , and are indented at the top in five parts •, thefle 
"fpread over each other like the fcales of fijh ; they have 
each five floor t hairy ftamina , terminated by cylindrical 
fummits. The germen is fltuated in the center of the flo- 
rets , fupporting a fender ftyle , crowned by two reflexed 
jiigmas. T he germen afterward becomes an oblong feed, 
crowned with a long feathery down , which fits upon little 
footflalks. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feilion of 
Linnaeus’s nineteenth clafs, intitled Syngenefia Po- 
lygamia AEqualis. The flowers of this feilion are 
compofed of hermaphrodite florets, which are fruitful. 
The Species are, 
j. Crepis {Rubra) foliis amplexicaulibus, lyrato-runci- 
natis. Vir. Cliff. 79. Crepis with lyre-fhaped leaves em- 
bracing the ftalks. Hieracium dentis leonis folio, flore 
fuave rubente. C. B. P. 127. Hawkweed with a Dan- 
delion leaf. 
2. Crepis (Barbata) foliis pinnatis angulatis, petiolatis, 
dentatis. Prod. Leyd. 126. Crepis with angular, indent- 
ed, winged leaves, having foot-ftalks. Hieracium fo- 
liis Cichorei fylveftris villofis,, odore Caftorei. Bot. 
Monfp. 
3. Crepis ( Bcetica ) involdcris calyce longioribus incur- 
vatis, foliis lanceolatis dentatis. Crepis with an in- 
curved volucrum longer than the empalement, and flpear- 
floaped indented leaves. Hieracium medio-nigrum, Bce- 
ticum majus. Par. Bat. 185. Greater Spanifh Hawkweed 
with flowers black in the middle. 
4. Crepis {Alpina) foliis amplexicaulibus, oblongis, acu- 
minatis inferioribus, fuperne, fummis inferne, den- 
ticulatis. Hort. Upfal. 238. Crepis with oblong pointed 
leaves embracing the ftalk, the lower being indented up- 
ward ; and the upper downward. Hieracium Alpinum 
Scorzonerse folio. Tourn. Inft. 472. 
There are feveral other fpecies of this genus, fome 
of which grow naturally in England, and others are 
weeds in divers parts of Europe, fo are rarely ad- 
mitted into gardens, therefore I fliall not enumerate 
them here. 
The firft fort grows naturally in Apulia, but is now 
commonly cultivated in Englifh gardens for orna- 
ment ; it is an annual plant, which perifhes after it 
hath ripened feeds. This hath many fpear-fhaped 
leaves which fpread on the ground, deeply jagged 
on their fides ; between them arife the branching 
ftalks, which grow a foot and a half high, dividing in- 
to many flender branches, garnifhed with oblong leaves 
deeply indented on their edges, embracing the ftalks 
with their bafe j the ftalks are each terminated by one 
large radiated flower, of a foft red colour, compofed 
of many half florets, which are fucceeded by oblong 
feeds crowned with a feathery down. It flowers in 
June and July, and the feeds ripen in autumn. This 
plant, when bruifed, emits an odour like bitter Al- 
mdnds. 
The feeds of this plant fhould be fown in the fpring, 
on the borders of the flower-garden where they are 
defigned to remain, fo that if fix or eight feeds are 
fown in each patch, when the plants come up, they 
may be reduced to three or four •, and if thefe are 
kept clean from weeds, they will require no other 
culture, excepting the putting fmall flicks down, to 
fallen the ftalks, to prevent their being broken by 
winds or rain. If the feeds are fown in autumn, or 
permitted to flatter, the plants will come up and 
live through the v/inter without flicker, and thefe will 
flower early in the fpring. 
The fecond fort grows naturally in. the louth of 
France, and in Italy. This is a biennial plant, and 
l'ometimes, when it is in poor ground, it will continue 
longer ; it hath a thick tap-root, which ftrikes deep 
into the ground, fending out many fmall fibres ; the 
lower leaves are from four to five inches long, and 
about a quarter of an inch broad, having feveral deep 
jags on their edges, the fegments ending in acute 
points ; from the fame root arifes four or five ftalks, 
which grow about nine or ten inches high, the lower 
part of thefe are garniflied with leaves of the fame 
form with thofe near the root, but are fmaller, and 
more jagged; the upper part of the ftalks are naked, 
and branch out into two, and fometimes three 
branches, each being terminated by one flower of a 
gold colour, inclining to copper, compofed of many 
florets which are included in a Angle empalement ; 
the flowers are fucceeded by oblong narrow feeds, 
crowned with a feathery down : the whole plant, 
when bruifed, emits a ftrong odour of Caftor. It 
flowers in June, and the feeds ripen in autumn. This 
is frequently preferved in gardens for the fake of va- 
riety. 
It is propagated by feeds in the fame manner as the 
firft fort, but as this continues longer, the feeds 
need not be annually fown. The plants will require 
no other culture but to keep them clean from weeds, 
and if the feeds are permitted to flatter, the plants 
will come up without any trouble, fo need only be 
thinned where they are too clofe. 
The third fort is an annual plant, which grows na- 
turally in Spain, but is now frequently propagated 
in the flower-gardens for ornament. This puts out 
leaves near the root, which are nine inches long, and 
almoft two broad in the middle, of a light green co- 
lour, and a little jagged on their edges ; the ftalks 
rife a foot and a half high, dividing into many 
branches, garniflied with leaves of the fame form as 
thofe at bottom, but fmaller, and fit clofe to the 
branches ; the flowers are produced at the end of the 
branches ; thefe have a double empalement, compofed 
of many long very narroW leaves ; the outer feries 
are refleiled downward, and turn upward again, and 
are inflexed at their extremities. The flowers are 
compofed of many florets, which are ftretched out on 
one fide at the top like a tongue, thefe are cut at their 
extremities into four or five parts ; they fpread regu- 
larly in form of rays, and are fituated over each other 
like fcales of fifh ; there are two varieties of this, one 
with a deep yellow, and the other of a fulphur co- 
lour inclining to white ; but both have a dark black 
bottom or middle, fo make a pretty appearance in a 
garden. It flowers in June and July, and the feeds 
ripen in autumn. This plant requires the fame cul- 
ture as the firft, and is equally hardy, fo that where 
the feeds are permitted to flatter, the plants will come 
up without care. 
The fourth fort grows naturally on the Alps ; this is 
alfo an annual plant, which fends out many oblong 
pointed leaves near the root; they are five inches long, 
and almoft; two broad at their bafe, leflfening gra- 
dually to a point ; the upper part of thefe are (lightly 
indented, but their lower parts are entire ; the ftalks 
are ftrong and upright, riling two feet high, dividing 
into three or four branches, which grow ereil, and 
are terminated by pale white flowers, inciofed in a 
ftrong hairy empalement, which contrails clofe to- 
ward the top ; the ftalks are garniflied with leaves of 
the fame form as the lower, which embrace them 
with their bafe, where they are flightly indented, but 
their upper parts are entire •, thefe leaves are hairy and 
rough. It flowers in June, and the feeds ripen in 
autumn. This requires the fame culture as the firft, 
and the feeds wilf flatter about the garden, fo that if 
the plants are not deftroyed, they will maintain them- 
felves without any care. 
CRESCENTIA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 680. Cujete. 
Plum. Nov. Gen. 23, tab. 16. Calabafti-tree. 
The Characters are, 
The flower hath one petal, which , is irregular , having a 
6 curved 
T 
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1*5 
