CRU 
England ; but the fhrubby forts very rarely arrive to 
that perfection, fo their feeds muft be procured from 
the countries where they naturally grow. The feeds 
muft be fown on a hot-bed early in the fpring, and 
when the plants are fit to remove, they fhould be 
each tranfplanted into a fmall pot, and plunged into 
a moderate hot-bed of tanners bark, where they 
fhould be fhaded from the fun till they have taken 
frefh root ; then they muft have air admitted to them 
daily, in proportion to the warmth of the feafon ; 
they muft alfo be frequently refrefned with water, 
particularly the fecond, third, and fourth forts, which 
will often require water, but the others fhould have 
it more fparingly. After the plants are grown too 
tall to remain in the frames, they ftiould be removed, 
either into the ftove, or a glafs-cafe, where there is 
a hot-bed of tanners bark, into which the pots ftiould 
be plunged, and there the annual forts will flower 
and perfect their feeds ; but the fhrubby kinds muft 
be removed into the bark-ftove in the autumn, and 
during the winter feafon they fhould have but little 
water and the ftove fhould be kept in a good tem- 
perature of heat, otherwife they will not live through 
the winter in England. 
As thefe plants retain their leaves all the year, fo 
they make a pretty variety in winter, when they are 
intermixed with other plants, whofe leaves are of dif- 
ferent forms and colours from thefe. 
CROWN IMPERIAL. See Petilium. 
CRUCIANELLA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 118. Ru- 
beola. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 130. tab. 50. Petty 
Madder. 
The Characters are. 
The flower hath a two-leaved empalement , which is rigid 
and comprejfed. It hath one petal , with a flender cy- 
lindrical tube which is longer than the empalement , and 
cut into four parts at the brim. It hath four ftamina 
fituated in the mouth of the tube , terminated by fingle 
fummits. It hath a comgrefld germen , fituated at the 
bottom of the tube , fupportingwflender bifid ftyle , crowned 
by two obtufe ftigmas. The germen afterward become two 
twin capfules , each containing one oblong feed. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fe&ion of 
Linnaeus’s fourth clafs, intitled Tetrandria Monogy- 
nia, the flower having four ftamina and one ftyle. 
The Species are, 
1. Crucianella ( Anguftifolia ) eretfta, foliis fenis fi»- 
nearibus. Hort. Upial. 27. Upright Crucianella with fix 
narrow leaves. Rubeola anguftiore folio. Tourn. Inft. 
130. Petty Madder. 
2. Crucianella ( Latifolia ) procumbens, foliis quater- 
nis lanceolatis, floribus fpicatis. Hort. Upfal. 27. 
Trailing Crucianella with four fpear-jhaped leaves and 
fpiked flowers. Rubeola latiore folio. Tourn. Inft. 130. 
3. Crucianella ( Maritima ) procumbens fuffruticofa 
foliis quaternis, floribus oppofitis quinquefidis. Lin. 
Sp. Plant. 158. Crucianella with trailing fhrubby fialks , 
four leaves at each joint , and flowers growing in whorls. 
Rubeola maritima. C. B. P. 
4. Crucianella ( Hifpida ) caule hifpido, foliis lan- 
ceolatis hirfutis oppofitis, floribus umbellatis termi- 
nalibus. Crucianella with a flinging ftalk , fpear-jhaped 
hairy leaves placed oppoflte , and flowers growing in um- 
bels at the ends of the branches. Rubeola Americana 
hirfuta, parietarias foliis, floribus umbellatis purpureis. 
Houft. MSS. 
5. Crucianella (. Americana ) foliis lineari-lanceolatis 
hirfutis oppofitis, caule erecto villofo, floribus foli- 
tariis alaribus. Crucianella with narrow , fpear-jhaped , 
hairy leaves placed oppoflte , an eredt hairy ftalk , and Jingle 
flowers proceeding from the fide s of the branches. 
The firft fort grows naturally in the fouth of France 
and Italy ; this is an annual plant, which rifes with 
feveral upright ftalks a foot high, having fix or feven 
very narrow linear leaves placed in whorls, at each 
joint. The flowers grow in clofe fpikes at the top 
and from the fide of the branches ; thefe are fmall, 
white, and not longer than the empalement, 10 make 
no great appearance. It flowers in June and July, 
and the feeds ripen in autumn. 
The fecond fort growl; in the Hands of the Archipe’i 
lago, and alfo about Montpelier 5 this is alfo an annual 
plant, fending out feveral branching ftalks from the 
root, which lie proftrate, and are garnifhed with four 
fpear-fhaped leaves at each joint. The flowers are 
produced in long fpikes at the extremity of the 
branches ; thefe are very fmall, fo make no great ap- 
pearance. It flowers about the fame time as the 
former; 
The third fort is like the fecond in the appearance of 
leaves and ftalks, but the flowers grow on the fide of 
the ftalks, almoft in whorls, and make little appear- 
ance. This grows naturally on the borders of the 
fea, in the fouth of France and Italy. 
Thefe three forts are preferved in fome gardens for 
the lake of variety ; if the feeds are fown on a bed 
of light earth early in the fpring, where they are de~ 
figned to remain, they will require no other culture, 
but to thin them where they are too clofe, and keep 
them clean from weeds ; or if the feeds are permitted 
to fcatter, the plants will come up in the fpring, and 
require no ether treatment ; but the third fort will 
not ripen its feeds here, when the autumn is not fa- 
vourable. 
The fourth fort hath four-cornered, rough, prickly 
ftalks, which bend downward, and are garnifhed with 
fpear-fhaped leaves, which are hairy and ftand op- 
poflte ; the flow r ers are produced in fmall clufters at 
the end of the branches, which are blue, and cut into 
four parts at the top ; after thefe decay, they are fuc- 
ceeded by twin capfules joined, in each of thefe is one 
oblong feed. 
The fifth fort rifes with a ftirubby branching ftalk 
near three feet high, w r hich is garnifhed with narrow 
fpear-fhaped leaves, covered with flinging hairs. The 
flowers are produced from the wings of the leaves, 
on each fide the ftalk fingly ; thefe are of a pale 
blue colour, and are fucceeded by twin fruit like the 
former. 
Both thefe forts grow naturally at La Vera Cruz in 
New Spain, from whence the feeds were fent me by 
the late Dr. Houftoun ; and the plants grew in the 
Chelfea garden very well during the fummer feafon, 
but perifhed in the autumn before their feeds were 
.ripe. 
CRUCIATA. See Valantia. 
CRUPINA BELGARUM. See Serratula; 
CUCUBALUS. Lin. Gen. Plant. 502. Tourn.; 
Inft. R. H. 339. tab. 176. Berry-bearing duckweed.’ 
The Characters are. 
The flower hath an oblong permanent empalement of one 
leaf cut into five fegments. It hath five petals, with 
tails as long as the empalement, but fpread open at the 
top. It hath ten ftamina , five of which are alternately 
jnferted in the tail of the petals \ thefe are terminated by 
oblong fummits. In the center is fituated the oblong ger- 
men, fupporting three ftylcs which are longer than the 
ftamina, crowned by oblong hairy ftigmas. The empale- 
ment afterward becomes a pointed clofe capfule with three 
cells, opening at the top in five parts, and filled with 
many roundifh feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the third feftion of 
Linnaeus’s tenth clafs, intitled Decandria Trigynia 3 
the flowers having ten ftamina and three ftyles. 
The Species are, 
1. Cucubalus ( Bacciferus ) calycibus eampanulatis, pe~ 
talis diftantibus, pericarpiis coloratis, ramis divari- 
catis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 414. Cucubalus with a bell-Jhaped 
empalement, petals ftanding afunder , a coloured cover to 
the fruit , and divaricated branches. Cucubalus PliniL 
Lugd. 1429. 
2. Cucubalus ( Latifolius ) caulibus ere&ris glabris, ca- 
lycibus fubglobofis, ftaminibus corolla longioribus. 
Cucubalus with fmooth eredt ftalks , globular empalements, 
and ftamina longer than the petals. Lychnis fylveftris 
quae behen album vulgo. C„ B. P. 205. Commonly 
called Spatling Poppy. 
3. CucuBAtus (. Anguftif otitis ) calycibus fubglobofis, caule 
ramofo patulo, foliis linearibus acutis. Cucubalus 
%mth globular empalements*, a branching fpreading flalf 
and 
!H 
