C U P 
&■ Cupressus ( Horizont dibits ) foliis imbricatis acutis, 
ramis horizontalibus. Cyprefr with imbricated acute 
leaves , and branches growing horizonJally. Cuprefius 
ramos extra fe ipargens quae Mas. Plinii. Tourn. Inft. 
R. H. 587. Male [preadingCyprefs. 
3 - Cupressus ( Lufitanica ) foliis imbricatis, apicibus 
aculeatis, ramis dependentibus. Cyprefr with imbricated 
leaves termmating in [pines , and branches hanging down- 
ward. Cuprefius Lufitanica, patula, frubtu minore. 
Inft. R. H. 587. Portugal [preading Cyprefs with a 
[mailer fruit. 
4. Cupressus [Difticha) foliis diftichis patentibus. Hort. 
Cliff. 409. Cyprefrswith leaves on two fides the branches. 
Cuprefius Virginiana foliis Acacias deciduis. Hort. 
Amft. 1. p. 1 13. Virginia Cyprefr which [beds its leaves^ 
commonly called Deciduous Cyprefr. 
5. Cupressus (Phy aides) foliis imbricatis, frondibus an- 
cipitibus. Lin. Sp. Plant. 1003. Cyprefr with imbri- 
cated leaves , and branches J, landing two ways. Cupref- 
fus nana Mariana, fru&u casruleo parvo. Pluk. 
Mant. 61. Dwarfr Maryland Cyprefr with a [mall blue 
fruit. 
6 . Cupressus ( Africana ) foliis linearibus fimplicibus 
cruciatim pofitis. Cyprefr with narrow fihgle leaves placed 
croj/ways. Cuprefius Africana of Herman and Olden- 
burgh. African Cyprefr-tree , called by the Dutch Cyprefr 
Boom. 
The firftof thefe trees is very common in moftof the 
old gardens in England, but atprefent is not fo much 
in requeft as formerly, though it is not without its 
advantages ; nor fhould it be entirely rejefted, al- 
though many perfons are of that opinion ; for it ferves 
to add to the beauty of wilderneffes, or clumps of 
Evergreens, and where they are properly difpofed, 
they have their beauties. It was formerly planted in 
borders of pleafure-gardens, and kept Ihorn into a 
pyramidal or conic form ; and fome people, believ- 
ing them fubjed to be killed if they cut them, tied 
them up with cords into a pyramidal figure, which 
form they are naturally difpofed to grow in j but this 
winding them about, prevented the air from entering 
the inward parts of the branches, fo that the leaves 
decayed, and became unfightly, and greatly retarded 
their growth. And thofe which are Iheared, if the 
operation is not performed in the fpring, or early in 
the fummer, are very fubjedt to be injured by fharp 
winds and cuttings frofts in winter. Wherefore, upon 
the whole, I think it much better to fuffer them to 
grow wild as they are naturally difpofed, planting 
them only amongft other Evergreen Trees; where, by 
the darknefs Of their green leaves, together with their 
waving heads, they will greatly add to the variety. 
The fecond fort is by far the largeft growing tree, 
and is the moft common timber in fome parts of the 
Levant. This, if planted upon a warm, fandy, gra- 
velly foil, will profper wonderfully ; and though the 
plants of this fort are not fo finely lhaped as thofe of the 
firft, yet they greatly recompenfe for that defedt, by 
its vigorous growth and ftrength, in refilling all wea- 
thers. This tree is very proper to intermix with 
Evergreens of a fecond fize next to Pines and Firs, to 
form clumps ; in which clafs it will keep pace with 
the trees of the fame line, and be very handfome. 
Befides, the wood of this tree is very valuable, when 
grown to a fize fit for planks, which I am convinced 
it will do in as fhort a fpace as Oaks ; therefore, why 
fhould not this be cultivated for that purpofe, fince 
there are many places in England where the foil is of 
a fandy or gravelly nature, and feldom produces any 
thing worth cultivating ? Now, in fuch places thefe 
trees will thrive wonderfully, and greatly add to the 
pleafure of the owner, while growing, and afterwards 
render as much profit to his fucceffors, as perhaps the 
belt plantation of Oaks ; efpecially fhould the timber 
prove as good here, as in the iflands of the Archipe- 
lago, which I fee no reafon to doubt of *, for we find 
it was fo gainful a commodity to the ifland of Can- 
dia, that the plantations were called Dos Fili®, the 
felling of one of them being reckoned a daughter’s 
portion. 
6 ■ • 
CUP 
The timber of this tree is faid to refift the worm, 
moth, and all putrefaction, and is faid to laft many 
hundred years. The doors of St. Peter’s church at 
Rome were framed of this material, which lafted 
from the great Conftantine to Pope Eugenius IVth’s 
time, which was eleven hundred years, and were then 
found and entire, when the Pope would needs change 
them for gates or brafs. 1 he coffins were made of 
this material, in which Thucydides tells us the Athe- 
nians ufed to bury their heroes •, and the mummy 
chefts, brought with thofe condited bodies out of E- 
gypt, are many of them of this material. 
This tree is by many learned authors recommended 
for the improvement of the air, and a fpecific for the 
lungs, as fending forth great quantities of aromatic 
and balfamic icents ; wherefore many of the antient 
phyficians of the Eaftern countries ufed to fend their 
patients, who were troubled with weak lungs, to the 
ifland of Candia, which at that time abounded with , 
thefe trees, where, from the effedts of the air alone, 
very few failed of a perfect cure. 
The fourth fort is a native of America, where it grows 
in watery places, and riles to a prodigious height, 
and is of a wonderful bulk. I have been informed, 
that there are trees of this kind in America which are 
upwards of feventy feet high, and feveral fathoms in 
circumference, which trees grow conftantly in the wa- 
ter j therefore they may probably be of Angular ad- 
vantage to plant in luch fwampy or wet foils, where 
few other trees will grow, efpecially of the refinous 
kind. That they are very hardy in refpedt to cold, 
is evident, from fome few trees of this kind which 
were formerly planted in England ; particularly one 
in the gardens of John Tradefcant, at South Lam- 
beth, near Vaux-Hall, which is upwards of thirty 
feet high, and of a confiderable bulk, which, though 
in a common yard at prefent, where no care is taken 
of it, but, on the contrary, many hooks are driven 
into the trunk, to fallen cords thereto for drying of 
cloaths, yet the tree is in great health and vigour, but 
hath not produced any fruit as yet, which may be oc- 
cafioned for want of moillure : for we often fee many 
aquatic plants will grow upon a drier foil, but yet 
are feldom fo productive of either flowers or fruit, as 
thofe which remain growing in the water. 
There is alfo a pretty large tree of this kind now grow- 
ing in the gardens of the lateSir Abraham Janffen, Bart, 
at Wimbleton in Surry, which has produced great 
quantities of cones for fome years pall, which, in fa- 
vourable feafons come to maturity, and the feeds 
have been as good as thofe which have been brought 
from America. This tree was tranfplanted when it 
was very large, which has Hinted its growth ; which, 
together with its being planted upon a dry foil, may 
have occafioned its fruitfulnefs, for it has made very 
little progrefs in its growth fince it was removed. 
Thefe trees are all propagated from feeds, which 
fhould be l'own early in the fpring on a bed of warm, 
dry, fandy earth, which mull be levelled very fmooth ■, 
then fow the feeds thereon pretty thick, fifting the 
fame light earth over them half an inch thick. If the 
weather fhould prove very warm and dry, it will be 
proper to fhade the bed from the fun in the day- 
time, and water the bed, which muft be done very 
carefully, obferving not to wafh the feeds out of the 
ground. In about two months time (if your feeds are 
good) the young plants will appear above ground, 
which mull be conftantly kept clean from weeds, 
and in very dry weather fhould be often refrefhed with 
water •, but this fhould be done with great caution, left 
you beat thefe tender rooted plants out of the ground. 
If the feeds are fown upon a moderate hot-bed, and 
the bed covered with mats, they will come up much 
fooner, and with greater certainty, than when they 
are fown in the cold ground. 
In this bed the young* plants may remain two years, 
by which time they will have ftrength enough to be 
tranfplanted into a nurfery ; but while the plants are 
young, they are tender, fo fhould be covered in le- 
vere froft with mats to prevent their being injured. 
thereby. 
