CYC 
The lecond fort hath long flefhy roots, of a de6p yel- 
low colour, which fpread under the furface of the 
ground like thofe of Ginger ; they are about the thiek- 
nefs of a man’s finger, having many round knotty 
circles, from which arife four or five large fpear- 
Ihaped leaves, ftanding upon long foot-ftalks •, they 
have a thick longitudinal midrib, from which a nu- 
merous quantity of veins are extended to the fides ; 
thefe leaves are of a glaucous or fea-green colour. 
The flowers grow in loofe fcaly fpikes on the top of 
the foot-ftalks, which arife from the larger knobs of 
the roots, and grow about a foot high ; they are of 
a yellowifh red colour, and fhaped fomewhat like 
thofe of the Indian Reed. 
Thefe plants grow naturally in India* from whence 
the roots are brought to Europe for ufe. They are 
very tender, fo will not live in this country, unlefs 
they are placed in a warm ftove. As they do not pro- 
duce feeds in England, they are only propagated by 
parting their roots : the beft time for removing and 
parting thefe roots is in the fpring, before they put 
out new leaves ; for the leaves of thefe plants decay 
in autumn, and the roots remain inactive till the 
fpring, when they put out frefh leaves. The roots 
fhould be planted in rich kitchen-garden earth, and 
the pots fhould be conftantly kept plunged in a bark- 
bed in the ftove. In the fummer feafon, when the 
plants are in a growing ftate, they will require to be 
frequently refrelhed with water, but it fhould not be 
given to them in large quantities * they fhould alfo 
have a large fhare of air admitted to them in warm 
weather. When the leaves are decayed, they fhould 
have very little wet, and muft be kept in a warm 
temperature of air, otherwife they will perifh. 
Thefe plants ufually flower in Auguft, but it is 
only the ftrong roots which flower, fo they muft 
not be parted into fmall roots, where the flowers are 
defired. 
CURRAN-TREE. See Ribes. 
C U R U R U. See Paullinia. 
Cuspidated plants [fo called, of eufpis, 
Lat. the point of a fpear] are fuch plants, the leaves 
of which are pointed like a fpear. 
CUSTARD-APPLE. See Annona. 
CYAN ELL A. Royen. 
The Characters are, 
The flower has no empalement ; it hath fix oblong, con- 
cave , fpr eading petals , which join at their bafe , the three 
lower hanging downward , with fix floort fpreading fla- 
mina , terminated by oblong erect fummits , and a three- 
cornered obtufe germen , fupporting a fender ftyle the length 
of the ftamina , having an acute fligma. The germen 
afterward becomes a roundijh capfule , having three fur- 
rows , with three cells , inclofing many oblong feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fettion of 
Linnaeus’s fixth clafs, intitled Hexandria Monogynia, 
the flower having fix ftamina and one ftyle. 
We know but one Species of this genus, viz. 
Cyanella ( Capenfis ). Lin. Sp. 443. Cape Cyanella. 
This plant grows naturally at the Cape of GoodHope. 
The root is fhaped like thofe of the Spring Crocus * 
the leaves are long, narrow, and have a fulcus on their 
upper fide * the foot-ftalk of the flower arifes imme- 
diately from the root, fupporting one flower with fix 
petals, of a fine blue colour, which appears in May, 
but the flowers have not been fucceeded by feeds as 
yet in England. 
It is too tender to thrive in the full ground in this 
country, therefore the roots fhould be planted in pots 
filled^ with light earth ; and in winter muft be placed 
in a frame, and treated in the fame manner as is di- 
redted for Ixia, with which the plant will thrive and 
produce flowers annually. 
CYAN US. See Centauria. 
Cl CAS, the Sago-tree. 
There are feveral fmall plants of this fort in the Eng- 
lifh gardens, but from thefe no charadters of the tree 
can be drawn ; nor are there any juft accounts of thefe 
to be met with in the feveral authors who have fi- 
gured and defcribed the tree. 
CYC 
We know but one Species of it at prefent, viz. 
Cycas ( Circinalis ) frondibus pinnatis circinalibus, folio* 
lis linearibus planis. Lin. Sp. 1658. Sago-tree with 
full branches , whofe wings are placed circularly , and the 
fmall leaves are plain. Arbor Zagoe Amboinenfis. 
Seb. Thef. 1. p. 39. 
This tree has been ranged in the tribe of Palms, to 
which it has great affinity, efpecially by its outer 
appearance the branches and trunk having the fame 
ftructure. 
This tree requires to be plunged Into tanners bark in 
a ftove, which fhould be kept up full to temperate 
heat in winter * but in fummer fhould be much 
warmer, when it fhould be frequently refrefhed with 
water during hot weather, but in autumn and winter 
it fhould be given fparingly. 
Moft of the plants of this kirid now in the Engliftt 
gardens, have been communicated to the pofTeffors 
by Richard Warner, Eicj; of Woodford, in Effex, 
who received a tree of this fort, which was brought 
from India by the late Captain Hutchenfon • but his 
fhip being attacked by the French near home, the 
head of the tree was fhot off, but the ftem being pre- 
ferved, put out feveral heads, which being taken off, 
produced fo many plants. 
CYCLAMEN. Lin. Gen. Plant. 184. Tourn. tnft. 
R. H. 154. tab. 68. Cyclamen; in French, Pain de 
Pourceau. [K vx\dfXu/&=, of KuxA©^, Gr. a circle, be- 
caufe the root of this plant is orbicular ; it is called 
Sowbread, becaufe the root is round like a loaf, and 
the fows eat it]. Sowbread. 
The Characters are. 
The flower hath a roundijh permanent empalement of one 
leaf divided into five parts at the top. It hath one pe- 
tal with a 'globular tube , which is much larger than the 
empalement ; the upper part is divided into five large feg- 
ments , which are reflexed ; it hath five fmall ftamina fitu- 
ated ‘Within the tube of the petal , terminated by acute 
fummitSi which are connected in the neck of the tube. It 
hath a roundijh germen , fupporting a fender ftyle, which 
is longer than the ftamina, and crowned by an acute fligma. 
The germen afterward becomes a globular fruit with one 
cell, opening in five parts at the top , inclofing many oval 
angular feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fedtion of 
Linnmus’s fifth clafs, intitled Pentandria Monogynia, 
the flower having five ftamina and one ftyle. 
The Species are, 
1. Cyclamen ( Europaum ) foliis haftato-cordatis angu- 
latis. Cyclamen with Jpear-pointed heart-Jhaped leaves , 
which are angular. Cyclamen heelers folio. C. B. P. 
306. Sowbread with an Ivy leaf: 
2. Cyclamen JPurpurafcens) foliis orbiculato-cordatis, 
inferne purpurafeentibus. Cyclamen with round heart- 
Jhaped leaves, purple on their under fide. Cyclamen or- 
biculato folio inferne purpurafeente. C. B. P. 308. 
Round-leaved Sowbread with a purple under fide. 
3. Cyclamen ( Perficum ) foliis cordatis ferratis. Cycla- 
men with Jawed heart-Jhaped leaves ; or P erf an Cyclamen. 
4. Cyclamen ( Vernale ) foliis cordatis angulofis inte- 
gris. Cyclamen zvith heart-Jhaped angular leaves which 
are entire. Cyclamen hyeme & vere florens folio an- 
gulofo amplo, fiore albo, baft purpurea, Perficum 
didtum. EL R. Par. 
5. Cyclamen [OrbiculatUni) radice insequali, foliis or- 
biculatis. Cyclamen with an unequal root and round 
leaves. Cyclamen radice caftanem magnitudinis. 
C. B. P. 308. 
6. Cyclamen ( Coum ) foliis orbicularis planis, pediculis 
brevibus floribus minoribus. Sowbread with orbicular 
plain leaves , floorter foot-ftalks and fmaller flowers. Cy- 
clamen Hyemale, orbicularis foliis inferne rubenti- 
bus, purpurafeente fiore Coum Elerbariorum. EL R. 
Par. 
The firft fort is the moft common in the Englifn gar- 
dens. This grows naturally in Auftria, Italy, and 
other parts of Europe, fo will thrive in the open air 
in England, and is never killed by the froft. It hath 
a large, orbicular, compreffed root, from which arife a 
great number of angular heart-fhaped leaves, upon 
4 ■ P- Angle 
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