C Y D 
room ; and in about four or five years time they will 
begin to flower, when you fhould let each root have 
a feparate pot, which at firft may be fmall, but when 
the roots are grown large, they muft be put into 
larger pots. 
Thefe forts have been planted under warm walls in 
the full ground, where, in mild winters they have 
done very well, but in fevere froft all thofe roots have 
been destroyed ; therefore, whenever thefe roots are 
planted in an open border, there fhould be common 
hot-bed frames placed over them in winter, that in 
bad weather they may be covered to protedt them 
from froft : and where they are thus managed, the 
plants will produce more flowers, which will be much 
fairer than v/hat are produced from the roots in the 
pots, and from thefe there may always be good feeds 
expected : therefore fuch perfons who are curious in 
flowers, fhould have a border framed over on pur- 
pofe for thefe, the Guernfey and Belladonna Li- 
lies, with fome other of the curious bulbous-rooted 
flowers ; in which border there may be many of thefe 
curious flowers cultivated, to more advantage thah 
in any other method now pradtifed. 
C YD ON I A. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 632. tab. 405. 
Pyrus. L in. Gen. Plant. 550. [fo called fromCydon, a 
town of Crete, famous for this fruit.] The Quince-tree. 
The Characters are, 
The flower is compofed of five large , roundifh , concave 
petals , which are inferted in the permanent empalement of 
one leaf. The germen is Jituated under the flower , and 
fupports five /lender ftyles , crowned by Jingle fligmas thefe 
are attended by near twenty /lamina , which are in- 
ferted in the empalement , but are not fo long as the 
petals ; the germen afterward becomes a pyramidal 
or roundifh fruit , zvhich is flefhy , and divided into five 
cells , in vdhich are lodged fever al hard kernels or feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the eighth fedtion 
of Tournefort’s twenty-firft clafs, which includes the 
trees and fhrubs with a Rofe flower, whole empale- . 
ment becomes a fruit pregnant with hard feeds. Dr. 
Linnaeus has joined this genus, and aifo the Apple 
to the Pear, making them only fpecies of the fame 
genus, to which the Quince is nearly allied by its 
characters, which the Apple is not. However, 
though the joining of the Qfuince to the Pear may be 
allowed in a fyftem of botany, yet in a book of gar- 
dening, it may not be quite fo proper, therefore I 
have chofen to continue them under their former well 
known titles. 
The Species are, 
1. Cydonia ( Oblonga ) foliis oblongo-ovatis fubtus to- 
mentofis, pomis oblongis bafi produdtis. Quince-tree 
with oblong oval leaves , woolly on their under fide , and 
an oblong fruit lengthened at the bafe. Cydonia frudtu 
oblongo laeviori. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 632. 
2. Cydonia ( Maliforma ) foliis ovatis, fubtus tomento- 
fis, pomis rotundioribus. Quince-tree with oval leaves , 
woolly on their under fide, and a rounder fruit. Cydo- 
nia frudtu breviore & rotundiore. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 
633. Commonly called the Apple Quince. 
3. Cydonia ( Lufitanica ) foliis obverse-ovatis fubtus to- 
mentofls. Quince-tree with obverfe oval leaves , woolly 
on their under fide. Cydonia latifolia Lufitanica. Tourn. 
Inft. 633. Broad-leaved Portugal Quince. 
There are fome other varieties of this fruit which are 
propagated in fruit-gardens, and in the nurferies for 
fale, one of which is a foft eatable fruit ; there is 
another with a very aftringent fruit, and a third with 
a very fmall fruit, cottony all over, and is fcarce worth 
keeping : thefe I fuppofe to be feminal variations, but 
the three forts before enumerated, I take to be diftindt 
fpecies, having propagated them by feeds, and have 
not found them to vary. 
The Portugal Quince is the moft valuable, the pulp 
of it turning to a fine purple when ftewed or baked, 
and becomes much fofter and Ids auftere than the 
others, fo is much better for making of marmalade. 
They are alleafily propagated either by layers, fuck- 
ers, or cuttings, which muft be planted in a moift 
foil. Thole railed from fuckers are feldom fo well 
C Y N 
rooted as thofe which are obtained from cuttings or 
layers, and are fubjedl to produce fuckers Again in 
greater plenty, which is not fo proper for fruit-bear- 
ing trees. The cuttings fhould be planted early in 
the autumn, and in very dry weather muft be often 
watered to encourage their rooting. The fecond year 
after they fhould be removed into a nurfery at three 
feet diftance row from row, and one foot afunder in 
the rows, where they muft be managed as was di- 
rected for Apples. In two or three years time thefe 
trees will be fit to tranfplatnt, where they are to re- 
main for good, which fhould be either by the fide 
of a ditch, river, or in fome other moift place, where 
they will produce a greater plenty, and much larger 
fruit than in a dry foil; though thofe in a dry foil 
will be better tailed, and earlier ripe, Thefe trees 
require very little pruning ; the chief thing to be ob- 
ferved is, to keep their ftems clear from fuckers, and 
cut off fuch branches as crofs each other •, likewife 
all upright luxuriant flioots from the middle of the 
tree fhould be taken entirely out, that the head may 
not be too much crowded with wood, which is of ill 
confequence to all forts of fruit-trees. Thefe forts 
may aifo be propagated by budding or grafting upon 
flocks raifed by cuttings, fo that the belt forts may 
be cultivated in greater plenty this way, than by any 
other method ; and thefe trees will bear fruit much 
fooner, and be more fruitful than thofe which come 
from fuckers or layers. 
Thefe are aifo in great efteem for flocks to graft and 
bud Pears on, which for fummer and autumn fruits 
are a great improvement to them, efpecially thofe de- 
figned for walls and efpaliers ; for the trees upon 
thefe flocks do not fnoot fo vigoroufly as thofe upon 
free flocks, and therefore may be kept in lefs com- 
pafs, and are fooner difpofed to bear fruit : but hard 
winter fruits do not fucceed fo well upon thefe flocks, 
their fruit being very fubjedl to crack, and are com- 
monly ftony, -efpecially all the breaking Pears ; there- 
fore thefe flocks are only proper for the melting PQrs, 
and for a moift foil. The beft flocks are thofe which, 
are raifed from cuttings or layers. 
As the Pear will take upon the Quince by grafting 
or budding, and fo vice verfa, we may conclude there 
is a near alliance between them ; but as neither of 
thefe will take upon the Apple, nor that upon either 
of thefe, fo we fhould feparate them under different 
genera, as will be further mentioned under the article 
Malus. 
C Y N ANCHUM, Lin. Gen. Plant. 268. Apocynum. 
Tourn. Inft. R. H. 91. Periploca. Tourn. Inft. 93. 
tab. 22. „ 
The Characters are. 
The flower hath one petal it hath fcarce any tube , but is 
fl/re ad open , plain , and divided into five parts ; this hath 
a fmall , eredt , permanent empalement of one leaf divided 
into five parts the nedtarium , which is fituated in the 
center of the flower , is eredi , cylindrical , and the length 
of the petal. It hath five ftamina which are parallel to 
the nediarimn, and of the fame lengthy terminated by fum- 
mits which reach to the mouth of the petal. It hath an 
oblong bifid germen , with fcarce any fiyle , crowned by two 
obtufe ftigmas the empalement becomes a capfule with 
two oblong pointed leaves , having a cell which opens lon- 
gitudinally, and is filled with feeds lying over each other 
imbricatim, and are crowned with long down. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond feflion 
of Linnaeus’s fifth clafs, intitled Pentandria Bigynia, 
the flower having five ftamina and two ftyles. 
The Species are, 
1. Cynanchum ( Acutum ) caule volubili herbaceo, foliis 
cordato-oblongis glabris. Hort. Cliff. 79. Cynanchum- 
with a twining herbaceous flalk, and oblong , finoOth , 
heart-fhaped leaves. Periploca Monfpeliaca foliis acu- 
tioribus. Tourn. Inft. 93. Commonly called Montpelier 
Scarnmony. 
2. Cynanchum ( Monfpeliacum ) caule volubili herbaceo, 
foliis reniformi-cordatis acutis. Hort. Cliff. 79. Cy- 
nanchum with a twining herbaceous ftalk , and kidney , 
heart -Jhapbd , pointed leaves . Periploca Monfpeliaca 
' . ' foliis. 
