C Y N 
6. Cynoglossum ( Lufitanicum ) foliis linear! lanceolatis 
icabris. Lin. Sp. 193. Hounds 'Tongue with linear , 
fpearfhaped , rough leaves. Omphalodes Lufitanica 
elatior Cynogloffi folio. Tourn. Inft, R. H. 140. 
7. Cynoglossum {Lini folium) foliis lineari-lanceolatis 
glabris. Hort. Cliff. 47. Hounds Tongue with fmooth, 
narrow, fpear-Jhaped leaves. Omphalodes Lufitanica 
lini folio. Tourn. Inft. 140. Commonly called Venus 
Navelwort. 
8. Cynoglossum ( Omphalodes ) repens, foliis radicalibus 
cordatis. Hort. Cliff. 47. Creeping Hounds Tongue , 
whofe lower leaves are heart-ftoaped. Omphalodes pu- 
mila verna fymphyd folio. Tourn. Inft. 140. 
The firft fort grows naturally by the fide of hedges 
and foot- ways in many parts of England, fo is feldom 
admitted into gardens ; the roots of this fort are ufed 
in medicine, which are gathered by the herb-folks in 
the fields. The leaves of this plant have a ftrong 
odour, like that of mice in a trap. It flowers in 
June, and the feeds ripen in autumn. 
The fecond fort grows naturally on the Apennine 
mountains y the leaves of this fort are much larger, 
the petal of the flower is fhorter, and the plants 
grow taller than thofe of the firft, and come eariier 
to flower in the fpring •, this is equally hardy as the 
common fort, and where the feeds are permitted to 
fcatter, there will be plenty of the plants arife with- 
out care. 
The third fort grows naturally in Andalufia, I re- 
ceived the feeds of this from Gibraltar •, this hath a 
tall branching ftalk, garnilhed with oblong woolly 
leaves, which embrace the ftalk with their bafe. The 
flowers are produced in loofe fpikes, which come out 
from the fide of the ftalk, and are from fix to eight 
inches long, the flowers are thinly placed on one fide y 
thefe are blue, ftriped with red, and appear in June. 
The feeds ripen in autumn, foon after which the root 
decays. 
The fourth fort grows naturally in Spain, and alfo 
in the ifland of Crete y I received this from Gibraltar, 
with thofe of the former y this riles with an upright 
ftalk little more than a foot high, garnilhed with 
long, narrow, filvery leaves, having no foot-ftalks. 
The flowers are produced from the fide, and at the 
top of the ftalks, which are but thinly difperfed on 
the fide, but at the top of the ftalk are in fmall 
clufters y they are of a deep purple colour, and much 
longer than the empalement •, thefe are fucceeded by 
four broad buckler-fhaped feeds, which are rough. 
It flowers in June, and the feeds ripen in autumn, 
foon after which the roots generally perilh. 
The fifth fort grows naturally in Virginia, and in 
other northern parts of America y this rifes with an 
upright branching ftalk near four feet high. The 
ftalks and leaves are covered with rough hairs, the 
branches are fpread out on every fide, and are but 
thinly garnilhed with leaves, from three to near four 
inches in length, and little more than one inch broad 
in the middle, gradually leflening to both ends y they 
embrace the ftalks with their bafe, and are placed 
alternate y the flowers grow lcatteringly toward the 
end of the branches y thefe are fmall and white y they 
appear in June, and are fucceeded by four fmall 
feeds, which ripen ill autumn, and then the plants 
decay. 
The fixth fort grows naturally in Portugal, where it 
was firft diftinguilhed from the feventh by Dr. Tour- 
nefort. The feventh fort had been long before that 
cultivated in the gardens for ornament, by the title of 
Venus Navelwort, but of late years that has been almoft 
loft 5 and the fixth fort is now generally preferved in 
the Englifh gardens, and the feeds are fold by the 
feedfmen under that title, and is a much larger plant 
than the other, fo makes a better appearance. The 
leaves of the fixth. fort are broad at their bale, and 
are gradually narrowed to the end y they are flightlv 
covered with hairs. The ftalks grow nine or ten 
inches high, and divide into many branches, each 
being terminated by a long loofe fpike of white flow- 
ers, (landing on feparate foot-ftalks, which are fuc- 
CYP 
needed by four umbilicated feeds, from whence it had 
the title of Navelwort. 
I lie feventh fort feldom rifes more than five or fix 
inches high •, the ftalks do not branch near fo much 
as thole ot the fixth. The leaves are very narrow and 
long, of a grayifli colour, and imooth. The flowers 
grow in (hort loofe panicles at the end of the branches y 
thefe are white, but imaller than thofe of the other 
fort, and are iucceeded by feeds of the lame form. 
This plant was formerly, titled Linum Umbillicatim, 
i. e. umbilicated Flax , from the leaves having forne ap- 
pearance ot T lax, and the feeds having a hollow like 
a navel. 
Thefe are both annual plants, and have been com- 
monly fown in gardens, with other low annual flow- 
ers, to adorn the borders of the flower-garden y but 
thefe flioukl be fown in autumn, for thofe which are 
fown in the fpring often fail, efpecially in dry feaibns y, 
and the autumnal plants always grow much larger 
than thole which arife from the fpring lowing, and 
come to flower earlier in the year. The feeds fhould 
be iown where the plants are designed to remain, for 
they do not bear tranfplanting, unlefs it is performed 
while they are young. The plants require no other 
culture but to be thinned where they are too clofe, 
and kept clean from weeds. They flower in June and 
July, and the autumnal plants come a month earlier*, 
, their feeds ripen in autumn. 
The eighth fort is a low perennial plant, which grows 
naturally in the woods of Spain and Portugal, where 
it ufually flowers about Chriftmas y this hath trailing 
branches, which put out roots from their joints, 
whereby it propagates very faft. The leaves are 
heart-Ihaped, of a bright green colour, and ftand 
upon long (lender foot-ftalks. The flowers grow in 
loofe panicles, which arife from the diviflons of the 
ftalk y they are fhaped like thofe of Borage, but are 
fmaller, and of a lively blue colour y they appear in 
March and April, and in a cool (hady fituation con- 
tinue great part of May, but are rarely fucceeded by 
feeds; but the plants propagate themfelves fo faft by 
their trailing branches, as to render the cultivation 
of them by feeds unneceffary. It delights in a moift 
cool fituation. 
C Y P E R U S, Cyprefs Grafs. 
There are about twenty fpecies of this genus known, 
fome of which grow naturally in England, but the 
far greateft number are natives of America, where 
they grow in moift lqualid places y and as there are 
not above two or three fpecies which are preferved in 
gardens, fo it will be to little purpole to enumerate 
the others. 
The Species are, 
1. Cyperus ( Longus ) culmo triquetro foliofo, umbella. 
foliofo fupra decompoflta, pedunculis nudis, lpicis 
alternis. Prod. Leyd. 50. Cyprefs with a. three-cornered 
ftalk, an umbel with many leaves, alternate fpikes o?k 
naked foot-ftalks. Long-rooted Cyprefs of the fhops. 
2. Cyperus ( Rotundus ) culmo triquetro fubnudo, um- 
bella decompoflta, fpicis alternis linearibus. Flor. 
Zeyl. 36. Cyprefs with a three-cornered naked ftalk, a 
decompounded umbel , and linear fpikes placed alternate « 
Round-rooted Cyprefs of the fhops. 
The firft fort grows naturally in France and Italy, 
from whence the plant was brought for medicinal 
ufe, but at prefent it is very feldom ufed in England. 
The roots of this fort are compofed of many ftrong 
flelhy fibres which root deep in the ground, fending 
up every fpring a great number of gralfy three-cor- 
nered leaves near two feet long ; the flower-ftalks are 
triangular, nearly of the fame length, fupporting an 
umbel at the top, having many narrow triangular 
leaves under it y the fpikes of the umbel are like thofe 
of fome forts of grafs, but the feeds rarely ripen in. 
England y fo the plant is here propagated by dividing 
the root in the fpring, and if planted in a v/arm fi- 
tuation, will thrive here in the open air. 
The fecond fort is tenderer than the firft, fo the round 
compreffed roots fhould be planted in pots, and fhel- 
teredin winter. 
CYPRI- 
\ 
l 
