13 I Q 
where fame of the fpecies have been long preferve d 
in the gardens of the curious. There °have been 
fome other fpecies in the Engliili gardens than are 
here enumerated, but thefe are all that are at prefent 
to be found here. 
The fecond fort frequently ripens its feeds in Eng- 
land •, but if the feeds are not fown foon after they are 
ripe, . they rarely grow, or they commonly lie a whole 
year in the ground. 
DiOSPYROS. Lin. Gen. Plant. 1027. Guaiacana. 
Tourn. Inft. R. H. 600. tab. 371. The Indian Date 
Plumb. 
The Characters are, 
It hath hermaphrodite and female flowers on the fa?ne 
plant , and ? male flowers on fepara-te plants ; the herma- 
phrodite flowers have a large obtufle permanent empalement 
of one leaf ', which is divided into four parts the flower 
hath one petal which is fhaped like a pitcher , and cut at 
the brim into four fegments , which fpread open ; it hath 
eight floort briftly ftamina firmly joined to the empalement, 
terminated by oblong fummits which have no farina. In 
the center is fit anted a rcutydifh germen , fupporting a 
Jingle quadrifidftyle , crowned by an obtufle bifid ftigma ; the 
germen afterward becomes a large globular berry with 
many cells , each including one oblong , compreffled , hard 
feed. The male flowers have a one-leaved empalement , 
cut into f mall acute fegments •, the petal is thick and flour- 
cornered, cut into four obtufle fegments which turn back- 
ward ; they have eight floort Jiamina , terminated by long, 
acute , twin fummits, but have no germen. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fedion 
of Linnaeus’s twenty-third clafs, intitled Polygamia 
Dicecia. The plants of this clafs and fedion have 
hermaphrodite and female flowers growing on the 
fame plant, and the male on feparate plants. 
The Species are, 
1. Diospyros {Lotus) foliorum paginis difcoloribus. 
Lin. Sp. Plant. 1057. Diofpyros with the flurface of the 
leaves of two colours. Guaiacana. J. B. 2. 138. The 
Indian Date Plumb. 
2. Diospyros ( Virginiana ) foliorum paginis concolori- 
bus. Lin. Sp. Plant. 1057. Diofpyros with the flurface 
of the leaves of one colour. Guaiacana Virginiana Pif- 
hamin dida. Boerh. Ind. alt. 2. The Piflhamin or 
Perfmon, and by fome Pitchumon Plumb. 
The firft fort is fuppofed to be a native of Africa, 
and was tranfplanted from thence into feveral parts of 
Italy, and alfo the fouth of France. The fruit of 
this tree is by fome fuppofed to be the Lotus, which 
Ulyfles and his companions were inchanted with. 
This is a tree of a middling growth in the warm 
parts of Europe, where there are feveral of them 
which are upward of thirty feet high ; but particu- 
larly in the botanic garden at Padua there is one very 
old tree, which has been deferibed by fome of the 
former botanifts, under the title of Guaicum Patavi- 
num. This tree produces plenty of fruit every year, 
from the feeds of which many plants have been 
raifed; In England there are none of thefe trees, but 
what have been raifed within a few years paft, in the 
phyfic garden at Chelfea ; for the feeds of which I 
was greatly obliged to my much honoured friend, his 
excellency the Chevalier Rathgcb, his imperial ma- 
jefty’s minifler at Venice, who has alfo fupplied me 
with many other curious plants, trees, and fruits, 
from different parts of the world, where his extenfive 
correfpondence has been employed to colled; whatever 
rare plants he could procure •, and his generofity in 
communicating what feeds and plants he can procure 
to the phyfic garden at Chelfea, requires this public 
acknowledgment. 
The fecond fort is a native of America, but particu- 
larly in Virginia and Carolina there is great plenty of 
thefe trees growing in the woods. The feeds of this 
fort are frequently brought to England, where the 
trees are now. become pretty common in the nurferies 
about London. This rifes to the height of fourteen 
or fixteen feet, but generally divides into many irre- 
gular trunks near the ground, fo that it is very rare 
to fee a handfome tree of this fort. This produces 
D I P 
plenty of fruit in England, but they never come to 
pert eft ion here. In America the inhabitants preferve 
thermit until it be rotten (as is pradifed by Medlars 
in England) when they are e (teemed a pieafant fruit. 
Thefe are both propagated by feeds, which will come 
up very well in the open ground ; but if they are 
fown upon a moderate hot-bed, the plants will come 
up much fooner, and make a greater progrefs •, but 
in this cafe the feeds fhould be fown in pots or boxes 
of earth, and plunged into the hot-bed, becaufe the 
plants will not bear transplanting till autumn, when 
the leaves fall off ; fo that v/hen the plants are up, 
and have made fome progrefs, they rnay be inured 
by degrees to the open air ; and in June they maybe 
wholly expofed, and may remain abroad until No- 
vember, when it will be proper to fet the pots under 
a hot-bed frame to prated them from hard froft, 
which, while they are very young, may kill the tops 
of the plants ; but they muff have as much free air 
as poflible in mild weather. The following fpring, 
before the plants begin to fhoot, they fhould be tranf- 
planted into a nurfery, in a warm fltuation, where 
they may be trained up for two years, and then re- 
moved to the places where they are deflgned to re- 
main. Thefe are both hardy enough to refill the 
greateft cold of this country, after the plants have ac- 
quired ftrength. 
DIPSACUS. Lm. Gen. Plant. 107. Tourn. Inft. 
R. H. 466. tab. 265. [ Jnpaxot ;, Gr. i. e. thirfty. It 
is faid to have taken its name by way of contrary, 
becaufe it receives the dew or rain in the hollow finus 
of its leaves that cohere together, by which it drives 
away the injuries of third. It is alfo called Labrum 
Veneris, from the pofltion of its leaves, which form a 
fort of bafon, containing a liquor that beautifies the 
face.] The Teazel; in French, Chardon a Bonnitier . 
The Characters are, 
It hath many florets collected in one common perianthiurn , 
which is permanent ; the florets have but one petal, which 
is tubular , cut into flour parts at the top , which are ere ft. 
They have flour hairy ftamina which are as long as the pe- 
tal, terminated by proftrate fummits ; the germen is Jitu- 
ated below the flower , fupporting a fender ftyle, crowned 
by a Jingle ftigma. The germen afterward becomes a co- 
lumn-fhaped feed, inclofed in the common conical fruit , 
which is divided by long prickly partitions. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft, fedion of 
Linnaeus’s fourth clafs, intitled Tetrandria Monogy- 
nia, the flower having four ftamina and one ftyle. 
The Species are, 
1. Dipsacus {Sylveftris) foliis fefiilibus ferratis, ariftis 
frudibus eredis. Teazel with flawed leaves fet clofe to 
the ftalks, and ere ft beards to the fruit. Dipfacus fyl- 
veftris. Dod. Pemp. 735. Wild Teazel. 
2. Dipsacus ( Fullonum ) foliis connatis, ariftis frudibus 
recurvis. Teazel with leaves joined at their bafe, and 
the beards of the fruit recurved. Dipfacus fativus. Dod. 
Pemp. 735. Cultivated Teazel. 
3. Dipsacus ( Laciniatus ) foliis connatis finuatis. Lin. 
Sp. Plant. 97. Teazel with finuated leaves joined at their 
bafe. Dipfacus folio laciniato. C. B. P. 385. Teazel 
with a laciniated leaf. 
4. Dipsacus ( Pilofus ) foliis petiolatis appendiculatis. 
Hort. Upfal. 25. Teazel with foot-folks having appen- 
dices. Dipfacus fylveftris, capitulo minore, feu. Virga. 
Paftoris minor. C. B. P. 385. Wild Teazel with a 
flmaller head, or fmaller Shepherd's Rod. 
The firft of thefe plants is very common upon dry 
banks in moft parts of England, and is feldom culti- 
vated in gardens, unlefs for the fake of variety. 
The fourth fort grows naturally in many places near 
London, and is rarely admitted into gardens. 
The third fort grows naturally in Alface, and is kept 
in botanic gardens for the fake of variety ; this dif- 
fers from the wild Teazel in having the leaves deeply 
cut and jagged. 
But it is the fecond fort only which is cultivated for 
ufe, which is called Carduus Fullorum, or Fullonum, 
being of fo Angular life in railing the knap upon 
woollen cloth, for which purpofe there are great 
quantities 
