E P H 
are hairy , terminated by Jhort two-pointed fummits , which 
ft and eredt. The female flowers have the fame empale- 
ment and petals as the male , but no flamina . 7 /z rtvz- 
rer is fltuated a deprejfed germen , fupporting nine reflexed 
fpreading ftigma. The germen afterward becomes a de- 
prejfed round berry of one cell , inclofing nine feeds placed 
circularly. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the third fefrion of 
Linn^us’s twenty-fecond clafs, which includes thofe 
plants whofe male and female flowers grow on fe- 
parate plants, and the male flowers have three 
ftamina. 
We have but one Specie's of this genus in England, 
viz, 
Empetrum ( Nigrum ) procumbens. Hort. Cliff. 470. 
Trailing Berry-bearing Heath. Empetrum montanum, 
rrucflu nigro. Tourn. Inft. 579, Black-berried Heath , 
Crow berries , Crake berries. 
This little fhrub grows wild upon the mountains of 
Staffordfhire, Derbyfhire, and Yorkfhire, and is fel- 
dom propagated in gardens unlefs for variety fake ; 
but it may be cultivated in fliady places, and will 
thrive very well in gardens, where the foil is fluff. 
The plants fhould be procured from the places where 
they grow naturally, for the feeds remain a year in 
the ground before they vegetate, and afterward are 
very flow in their growth, fo they are not worth the 
trouble of cultivating from feeds. If the plants are 
planted on a rrioifl boggy foil in autumn, they will 
get roots in the winter, and will require no farther 
care than to clear them from weeds, provided they 
have a moift foil, otherwife they will require to be 
frequently watered ; for thefe low fhrubs commonly 
grow upon the tops of wild mountains, where the 
foil is generally peaty, and full of bogs. The heath 
cocks feed much upon the berries of this plant : 
fo that wherever there is plenty of thefe low fhrubs. 
there are commonly many of thefe fowls to be found. 
EMU SCAT ION, the clearing a tree of mofs, Lat. 
ENUCLEATION, a taking out the nut or ker- 
nel of any fruit, Lat. 
E NET LA CAM PAN A. See Inula. 
EPHEDRA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 1007. Tourn. Inft. 
663. tab. 477. Shrubby Horle-Tail, vulgo. 
- The Characters are. 
It hath male and female flowers in different plants •, the 
male flowers are collected in katkins , which are fcaly •, un- 
der each fcale is a flngle flower ; thefe have no petals, but 
/even flamina , which are joined in form of a column , and 
are terminated by roundijh fummits. The female flowers 
have an oval perianthium, comp 0 fed of jive feries of leaves , 
which alternately lie over the diviflons of the lower range ; 
thefe have no petals , but have two oval germen fitting 
upon the perianthium , fupporting jhort ftyles , crowned by 
Jingle ftigma. The germen afterward turn to oval ber- 
ries, each having two feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the twelfth fec- 
tion of Linnaeus’s -twenty-fecond clafs, intitled Di- 
cecia Monadelphia, the plants of this clafs and fec- 
tion having male flowers on different plants from the 
female, and their ftamina join in form of a column. 
We have but one Species of this genus in England, 
viz. 
Ephedra (Diflachia ) pedunculis oppofitis, amends ge- 
minis. Elort. Cliff. 465. Shrubby Horfe-T ail with oppo- 
fite foot-flalks , and twin katkins. Ephedra maritima 
minor. Tourn. Lejfer Sea Horfe-T ail. 
This is a low fhrubby plant, which grows naturally 
upon the rocks by the fea in the fouth of France, in 
Spain, and Italy ; it is alfo preferved in feveral gar- 
dens for the fake of variety, but has little beauty. 
This hath a low fhrubby ftalk, which puts out a few 
fhort branches, rifling about two feet high, which 
have many protuberant joints, at which come out fe- 
veral narrow rufliy leaves, like thofe of the Horfe- 
Tail, which continue green all the year, but the 
plants rarely flower in this country. 
It may be propagated by offsets, which the plants 
lend forth in great plenty ; for the roots creep under 
ground, and lend forth fuckers, which may be taken 
E P I 
off to tranfplant in the fpring. They love a pretty 
moift ftrong foil, and will endure the cold of our on 
dinary winters very well in the open air. Some of 
thefe plants were formerly preferved in pots, and were 
houfed in winter, but by later experience they are 
found to thrive better in the full mound. 
EPHEMERUM. See Tr ADESCANTIA ; 
EPIDENDRUM. Lin. Gen. 1016. Vanilla. 
There are near thirty fpecies of this genus, which 
grow naturally upon trees in Africa and both Indies y 
but . as the plants cannot, by any art yet known, be 
cultivated in the ground, it would be to little purpofe 
the enumerating of them here ; though could the 
plants be brought to thrive by culture, many of them 
produce very fine flowers of uncommon forms. I had 
three fpecies of them fent me from America, which 
were ftripped from the trees on which they grew 5 
thefe I planted with care in pots, which were placed in a 
ftove, where they came fo far as to Anew their flowers, 
but the plants foon after perifhed. 
E PIG 7 E A. Lin. Gen. Plant. 4S6. Memecyliifm 
Mitch. 13. Trailing Arbutus. 
The Characters are. 
The flower hath a double empalemeM 3 which is perma- 
nent ; the outer is compofed of three , and the inner of one 
leaf, divided at the top into five parts. The flower is of 
the falver jhape , with one petal , having a cylindrical 
tube, which is longer than the empalement, and hairy 
within. The brim is cut into jive parts, which fpread 
open. It hath ten fender ftamina the length of the tube, 
which are fixed to the bafe of the petal, and are termi- 
nated by oblong fummits. In the center is fltuated a glo- 
bular hairy germen , crowned by an obtufe quinquefid ftig- 
ma. The germen afterward becomes a deprejfed, half glo- 
bular, five-cornered fruit, having five cells, .opening with 
five valves , containing feveral feeds. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the firft fe&ion of 
Linnaeus s tenth clafs, intitled Decandria Monogynia, 
the flowers having ten ftamina and one ftyle. 
We know but one Species of this genus, viz. 
Epigzea. Lin. Gen. Plant. 486. Trailing Arbutus, 
This plant grows naturally in North America, from, 
whence it has been introduced to the Englifh gardens. 
It is a low plant, with a trailing flhrubby ftalk, which 
puts out roots at the joints, and when in a proper 
foil and, fituation, multiplies very faft. The ftalks 
are garnilhed with oblong rough leaves which are 
wived on their edges. The flowers are produced, at 
the end of thefe branches in loofe bunches •, thefe are 
white, and divided at the top into five acute fegments, 
which fpread open in form of a ftar. It flowers in 
July, but doth not produce fruit in England. 
The plants are eafily propagated by their trailing 
ftalks, which put out roots at the joints, fo may be 
cut off from the old plant, and placed in a fhady fitu- 
ation and a moift foil : the belt time for this is in au- 
tumn, that the plants may be well rooted before the 
fpring. If the winter fhould prove very fevere, ir 
will be proper to lay a few dried leaves, or feme fuch 
light covering over them, which will prevent their 
being injured by froft ; and after they are well root- 
ed, they will require no farther care but to keep 
them clean from weeds. 
E P I L O B I U M. Lin. Gen. Plant. 426. Chamaene- 
rion. Tourn. R. H. 302. tab. 157. Willow Herb, or 
French Willow. 
The Characters are. 
The empalement of the flower is cOmpofed of four oblong 
pointed leaves, which are coloured. The flower hath four 
bordered petals which fpread open, and eight ftamina 
which are alternately floor ter, terminated by oval com- 
prejfed fummits. Below the flower is fltuated a long cylin- 
drical germen, fupporting a fender ftyle , crowned by an 
obtufe quadrifid ftigma. The germen afterward becomes a 
long, cylindrical, furrowed -cap file with five cells, filled 
with oblong feeds , crowned with down. 
This genus of plants is ranged m the firft feftion of 
Linnaeus’s eighth clafs, intitled Odandria Monogynia, 
the flower having eight ftamina and one ftyle. ° 
5 F 
The 
