El Y 
for cattle, or for the feeds, which are frequently ufed 
for meagre foups. This is alfo an annual plant, and 
is cne of the leaf! of the pulfe kind, which is cul- 
tivated : it rifes with weak ftalks a foot and a half 
high, garnifned with winged leaves' at each joint, 
compofed of feveral pair of narrow lobes, terminated 
by a tendril or clafper, which fallens to any neigh- 
bouring plant, and is thereby fupported ; the flowers 
come out upon Abort foot-ftalks from the fide of the 
branches ; they are fmall, of a pale purple colour, 
three or four Handing upon a foot-ftalk ; thefe are 
iucceeded by fhort flat pods, containing two or three 
feeds, which are flat, round, and a little convex in 
the middle. The flowers appear in May, and the 
feeds ripen in July. The feeds of this plant are com- 
monly fown in March, where the land is dry, but in 
nroift ground the bell time is in April. The ufual 
quantity of feed allowed to an acre of land, is from 
one bufhel and a half to two bufhels. If thefe are 
fown in drills in the fame manner as Peas, they will 
lucceed better than when they are fown in broad call : 
the drills fhould be a foot and a half afunder, to al- 
low room for the Dutch hoe to clean the ground be- 
tween them •, for if the weeds are permitted to grow 
among them, they will get above the Lentils and 
itarve them. The feeds of thefe will ripen in July, 
when the plants fliould be cut and dried, and after- 
ward the feeds fliould be threfhed out for ufe. 
The feeds of Lentils are frequently the common food 
of the poorer fort of people in forne of the iflands of 
the Archipelago, and other warm countries, when 
they can meet with no better fare ; for thefe they 
loath, when they have better food, from whence 
came the proverb. Dives faStus jam dijit gaudere 
lente ; which is applied to thofe who fpurn at thofe 
things in eafy circumftances, which they were glad of 
in a low condition. 
There is another fort of Lentil which has been cul- 
tivated of late years in England, by the title of 
French LentiL This is the Lens major of Cafpar 
Bauhin, and is undoubtedly a different fpecies from 
the common, being twice the fize, both in plant and 
feed, and conllantly produces the fame from feeds, 
though they do not differ much in their chara£ters, 
but this is much better worth cultivating than the 
other. This pulfe is frequently called Tills in many 
parts of England. 
The third fort is very like the common Lentil, but 
differs from it, in having but one flower on each 
foot-ftalk, whereas tfie other has three or four, but 
in other refpefts is the fame, fo may be cultivated in 
the fame manner. 
The fourth and fifth forts are fmall annual Vetches, 
which grow naturally among the Wheat and Rye in 
many parts of England, fo are not admitted into gar- 
dens ; they are only mentioned here as weeds, which 
may be eafily rooted out of the fields, if they are cut 
Up when they begin to flower, and not permitted to 
ripen their feeds •, for as they have annual roots, fo if 
they do not fcatter their feeds, they may be foon 
deftroyed. 
ERVUM ORIENTALE. See Sophora. 
ERYNGIUM. Lin. Gen. Plant. 287. Tourn. Inft. 
R. H. 327. tab. 173. Sea Holly, or Eryngo. 
The Characters are, 
It hath many fmall flowers fitting upon one common conical 
receptacle , whofe involuerkm is compofed of feveral plain 
leaves the flowers have a five-leaved erebi empalement , 
coloured on the upper fide, fitting upon the germen thefe 
form a raitndifh general umbel , which is uniform. The 
flowers have five oblong petals , which are turned inward 
at top and bottom , and five erebi hairy ftamina , ftanding 
above the flowers , terminated by oblong funmits under 
the ernpalerncnt is fit anted a prickly germen, fnpporting two 
fender ftyles, crowned by Jingle ftigmas. fhe ger'men af- 
terward becomes an oval fruit divided in two parts, each 
having one oblong taper feed. 
This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fedtion 
of Linnaeus’s fifth clafs, which includes .thofe plants 
whole flowers have five ftamina. and two ftyles. 
E E ¥ 
Ifhe Species are, 
1. Eryngium ( Marithnim ) foliis radicalibus fubrdtuft- 
dis plicatis fpinofis, capitulis peduncuiatis. Hort, 
Cliff. 8 7. Sea Holly whofe lower leaves are folded, roundifio , 
and prickly, and flower-heads having foot-ftalks . Eryn- 
gium maritimum. C. B. P. 386. Sea Holly, or Eryngo . 
2. Eryngium ( Campfire ) foliis amplexicaulibus pinnato 
laciniatis. Hort. Cliff. 87. Sea Holly whofe leaves em- 
brace the ftalks , and are cut like winged leaves . Eryngium 
vulgare. C. B. P. 386. Common' Eryngo, 
3. Eryngium ( Planum) foliis radicalibus ovalibus planis 
crenatis, capitulis peduncuiatis. Hort. Cliff. 87. Sea 
Holly whofe lower leaves are plain-, oval, and crenated, 
with flower-heads having foot-ftalks. Eryngium latifo- 
lium planum. C. B, P. 386. Broad-leaved plain Eryngo % 
4. Eryngium ( Amethyftinum ) foliis trifidis bafi fubpin- 
natis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 33 7. Eryngo with trifid leaves, 
and thofe at the bafle winged. Eryngium montanum 
amethyftinum. C. B. P. 386. Purple Violet-coloured 
Mountain Eryngo. 
5. Eryngium ( Pallefcente ) foliis radicalibus roturtdato- 
multifidis, capitulis peduncuiatis. Eryngo whofe lower 
leaves are roundijh and multifid , having foot-ftalks to the 
heads of flowers. Eryngium Alpinum amethyftinum, 
capitulo majore pallefcente. Tourn. Inft. 328. Alpine 
Eryngo with a large pale-coloured head. 
6. Eryngium ( Orientale ) foliis radicalibus pinriatis, 
ferrato-fpinofis, foliolis trifidis. Eryngo whofe lower 
leaves are winged, fpiny indented, and the fnaller ones tri- 
fid. Eryngium Orientale, foliis trifidis. T. Cor. 23. 
Oriental Eryngo with trifid leaves. 
7. Eryngium ( Aquaticum ) foliis gladiatis lerrato-fpinofis, 
floralibus indivifis caule flmplici. -Lin. Sp. Plant. 336. 
Eryngo with fword-Jhaped leaves which are fpiny and in- 
dented, and the upper ones entire. Eryngium foliis gla- 
diolatis utrinque laxe ferratis, denticulis fubulatis. 
Lin. Hort. Cliff. 88. American Sea Holly with leaves like 
the Aloe, lightly flawed, commonly called Raitlefnake JVeed 
in America. 
8. Erync-ium ( Pvfillum ) foliis radicalibus oblongis in- 
cifis, caule dichotomo, capitulis feftilibus. Horti 
Cliff. 87. Eryngo with oblong lower leaves which are cut, 
a ftalk divided by pairs, and heads fitting clofe. Eryn- 
gium planum minus. C. B. P. 386. Lejfier plain Eryngo . 
9. Eryngium ( Alpinum ) foliis radicalibus cordatis ob- 
longis, caulinis pinnatifidis, capitulo fubcylindrico. 
Lin. Sp. Plant. 233. Eryngo with oblong, heart-fhaped, 
lower leaves, thofe upon the ftalks wing-pointed , and cy- 
lindrical heads. Eryngium Alpinum casruleum, capi- 
tulis difpaci. C. B. P. 386. Blue Alpine Eryngo with 
heads like the Deaf el. 
10. Eryngium ( Fcetidum ) foliis radicalibus fubenfifor- 
mibus ferratis floralibus multifidis caule dichotomo. 
Lin. Sp. Plant. 336. Eryngo with fword-Jhaped lower 
leaves having fpiny Jaws, the upper leaves ending in many 
points. Eryngium foliis anguftis ferratis fcetidum. 
Sloan. Cat. Jam. 127. Stinking Eryngo having narrow 
fawed leaves, commonly called Feverweed. 
The firft of thefe fpecies grows in great plenty on the 
fandy and gravelly fhores in divers parts of England* 
the roots of which are candied, and fent to London 
for medicinal ufe, and is the true Eryngo. This hath 
creeping roots, which run deep into the ground ; the 
leaves are roundifh, ftiff, and of a gray colour, fet with 
fharpfpines on the edges. The ftalks rife afoot high, 
and divide upward into two or three imaller branches j 
they are fmooth, and garnifhed ateachjointwith leaves 
of the fame form as the lower, but fmaller, which 
embrace the ftalks with their bafe ; at the end of the 
branches come out the flowers in roundifh prickly 
heads ; under each is fituated a range of narrow, ftiff, 
prickly leaves, fpreading like the rays of a ftar ; the 
flowers are of a whitifh blue colour. They appear in 
July, and the ftalks decay in autumn. 
This fort will grow in a garden, if the roots are 
planted in a gravelly foil, and produce their flowers 
annually ; but the roots will not grow near fo large 
or fltihy as thofe which grow on the fea-fhore, where 
they are flowed with felt water. The beft time to. 
tranfpiant thtf roots is in autumn, when their leaves 
decay 5, 
