I 
E U P 
The eighteenth fort rifes with a Angle, upright, green 
ftalk, about four feet high, garnifhed at each joint 
by four fpear-fhaped leaves, placed in whorls round, 
the {talks •, they are iix inches long, and two inches 
broad in the middle, leflening to both ends, termi- 
nating in acute points ; they are rough, iawed on their 
edges, and ftand on fhort ioot-iiaiKs ; the ftalk is 
terminated by a cioie corymbus of purple floweis, 
which appear in July, and continue till Septemoer. 
The root is perennial, but the {talks decay every 
winter it grows naturally in North America. 
The nineteenth fort grows naturally in Carolina ; this 
hath a creeping root, which fpreads and multiplies 
very fait. The ftalks rife about two feet high *, they 
are cfarniflied with oval heart-fhaped leaves, which 
have & foot-ftalks, and are fawed on their edges. The 
{lowers are produced at the top of the {talks in a 
fort of corymbus •, they are of a fine blue colour, but 
the roots fpread fo much as to caufe barrennefs of 
flowers after the firft year. 
All thefe forts may be propagated by feeds ; feveral 
of them ripen their feeds in England ; _ thefe fhould 
be fown in autumn as foon as they are ripe, for then 
the plants will come up the following fpring ; but if 
they are kept out of the ground till fpring, the plants 
will not come up till the year after •, and thofe feeds 
which are procured from America ftiould be fown as 
foon as they arrive, for though they may not grow 
the firft year, yet there will be a greater certainty of 
their fucceeding, than when they are kept longer out 
of the ground. 
The fecond, third, fifth, feventh, eighth, _ twelfth, 
thirteenth, feventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth 
forts are hardy plants, fo the feeds of thefe may be 
fown in the full ground, but there muft be care taken 
in the fowing to keep the forts leparate ; for as the 
feeds of theft plants have a light down adhering to 
them, they are eafily difplaced by the leaft wind ; fo 
that the belt way will be to fow them in drills, but 
thefe fhould be but {hallow, for if the feeds are bu- 
ried too deep they will not grow. The bed in which 
thefe are fown ftiould not be too much expofed to 
the fun, but rather have an eaft afped, where the 
morning fun only reaches it ; but where it is more 
expofed, it fnould be {haded with mats in the heat of 
the day, and the ground fhould be kept pretty moift-, 
for as thefe plants generally grow in moift fhady fi- 
tuations in their native countries, they will fucceed 
better when they have a foil and fituation fomewhat 
like that •, though as we want their heat in fummer, 
the plants will thrive here when expofed to the fun, 
provided they have a moift foil, or are fupplied with 
water in dry weather. 
When the young plants come up, they muft be kept 
clean from weeds ; and where they are too clofe, fome 
of them ftiould be drawn out, to give room for the 
others to grow ; and if thefe are wanted, they may be 
planted in another bed, where, if they are fhaded and 
watered, they will foon take root ; after which they 
will require no farther care but to keep them clean 
from weeds till the following autumn, when they 
may be tranfplanted to the places where they are to 
remain. As the roots of thefe plants fpread out to a 
confiderable diftance, they ftiould not be allowed lefs 
than three feet from any other plants, and fome of 
the largeft growing ftiould be allowed four feet. If 
the foil in which they are planted is a foft gentle 
loam, they will thrive much better, and flower 
ftronger than in light dry ground ; in which, if they 
are not duly watered in dry fummers, their leaves 
will {brink, and their ftalks will not grow to half their 
ufual height. 
All thefe forts have perennial roots, by which they 
may be propagated •, for as fome of them do not per- 
fect their feeds in England, fo that is the only way 
of increafing the plants here •, fome of the forts have 
creeping roots, fending out offsets in great plenty, fo 
thefe are eafily propagated •, and the others may be 
taken up, or the heads taken off from them every 
other year, in doing of which there fhould be care 
E U P 
taken not to cut or injure the old plants too much, 
which would caufe them to flower weak the following 
year. The belt time to remove theft plants is in au- 
tumn, as foon as they have done growing, that they 
may get frefti roots before the froft conies on but 
if that fhould happen foon after their removal, if the 
furface of the ground is covered with tan,, or dried 
leaves, to keep out the froft, it will effectually ftcure 
them •, and if this is done to the old plants in very ft- 
vere winters, it will always preftrve them ; but the 
nineteenth fort is the only one which I have known 
killed by froft : however, it may not be ami fs to 
praftife this on the young ftedling plants, which have 
not fo good roots, nor are fo well eftabfifhed in the 
ground ; the future culture will be only to dig the 
ground about them every fpring, and keep them clean. 
The fourth fort fends out many weak twining ftalks, 
which require fupport •, fo there ftiould he fome ftakes 
fixed down by their roots in the fpring when they be- 
gin to fhoot, to which the young ftalks fhould be 
led' and fattened, and afterward they will naturally 
twine round them and rift four or five feet high if 
they are fupplied with water, and in warm ieafons 
they will produce plenty of white flowers in Auguft, 
This fort is fometimes killed in very fevere winters, 
if they are not covered •, but if, when the ftalks decay 
in the autumn, the ground about them is covered 
with fome old tanners bark, it will efteftually ftcure 
the roots. This fort multiplies very faft by its creeping 
roots, wftiich may be parted every other year. 
The fixth and fixteenth forts have twining {lender 
ftalks, which require to be fupported in the like 
manner ; but theft are natives of warm countries, fo 
they will not thrive in England, unlefs they are placed 
in a warm ftove ; therefore they ftiould be planted in 
pots and plunged into the tan-bed in the ftovo*, where, 
if they are fupplied with wet in hot weather, they 
will thrive and produce flowers. The fixth fort hath 
fhrubby ftalks, and does not propagate by the root, 
fo there fhould be layers made of the young branches, 
which will put out roots if they are properly fupplied 
with water ; but the fixteenth fort may be propagated 
by parting the roots, in the fame manner as the 
fourth fort. 
The ninth and fifteenth forts have perennial roots, 
but their ftalks decay every winter. Thefe are tender 
plants, fo fhould be planted in pots, and kept con- 
ftantly plunged in the tan-bed in the ftove, where 
they will thrive and flower. Thefe may be propagated 
by cutting off fome of their young {hoots about the 
middle of June, when they have ftrength, and planted 
into pots filled with light earth, and plunged into a 
moderate hot-bed, where, if they are {haded from 
the fun, and gently watered as they may require it, 
they will put out roots in fix weeks, and may then 
be tranfplanted into feparate pots, and treated as the 
old plants. 
The tenth, eleventh, and fourteenth forts have fhrubby 
ftalks, which are perennial. Theft are natives of 
warm countries, fo will not thrive in England out of 
a ftove ; therefore they fhould be planted in pots 
and kept plunged in the tan-bed of the ftove, and 
treated as the former forts. Theft will fometimes 
take root from cuttings, but not very freely, fo that 
the beft way is from feeds when they can be procured. 
When the feeds of theft tender forts can be had from, 
their native countries, the plants raffed that way are 
much preferable to thofe which are obtained by any 
other method, and will flower much ftronger, there- 
fore fhould be preferred •, but as theft feeds ftl- 
dom grow the firft year, few perions have patience 
enough to wait for the plants coming up. When any 
of thefe feeds are brought over, they fhould be fown 
as foon as they arrive in pots, that they may be re- 
moved at any time ; the pots fhould be plunged into 
a moderate hot- bed, and the earth kept tolerably 
moift ; the glaffes fhould alfo be fhaded in the heat of 
the day, to prevent the earth from drying ; in this hot- 
bed the pots may remain till autumn, when, if the 
plants are not up, they fhould be plunged between 
5 K the 
