440 
THE MEDITERRANEAN NATURALIST 
merits. One superficial layer in the Har Dalam | 
cave consisted almost entirely of these remains in 
stalagmite, belonging to animals in all stages of 
growth, perhaps even from the unborn foetus 
onwards. The adults vary much in size, but the 
largest complete antler measures only about 12 
feet in length. 
It is worthy of notice, in reference to Dr. Poh- 
lig’s recent memoir on the Cave of Carini, that 
the same form of dwarf deer is also now recogni- 
sed in Sicily. Dr. Pohlig, however, gives a new 
sub-specific name to the animal, terming it Ger- 
vus ( elaphus ) sicilue; and his nomenclature for 
the associated species is not altogether such as 
will commend itself to many zoologists. 
The chief advance made by Dr. Pohlig, indeed 
consists in his adding to the known Pleistocene 
fauna of the Sicilian area this small deer and the 
dwarf elephant commonly known as Eleph is me- 
litensis. Of the latter, even finer specimens have 
been discovered at Carini than those obtained 
from Malta; and Dr Pohlig is now able to de- 
scribe the whole skull for the first time. As the 
result, he is more than ever convinced of the 
correctness of his opinion, expressed some years 
ago, that all the dwarf Maltese elephants descri- 
bed by Falconer, Busk, and Adams are merely a 
stunted race of the typically European Elephas 
antiquus. He even goes further, and concludes that 
the latter elephant wandered in Pleistocene times 
as far south as India, being represented in the 
Narbada Valley by the so-called E. namadicus . 
Besides the bones of animals in the new Sicilian 
cave, which are now described as including re- 
mains of such familiar European species as Eos 
primigenius and Bison prisons, there are also 
some traces of man, in the form of rude pottery 
and stone implements. There is, however, no 
very clear evidence as yet to indicate mail’s rela- 
tionship to the extinct fauna; and we refrain from 
quoting Dr. Pohlig’s table of the succession of 
episodes supposed to be proved by the series of 
deposits he has examined. All these new facts 
will someday be of great service when the time 
for broad generalisations as to the recent changes 
of lan d and sea in the Mediterranean area is at 
hand; at present it seems futile to base specula- 
tions on isolated phenomena. 
“Natural Science” Dec. 1893. 
Stray Notes on the Natural History 
of Spain. 
I spent two weeks in Spain in the Spring of the 
( fear 1882, and though I did not undertake the 
journey with the express object of studying Natu- 
ral History, still whenever I could spare a few hours 
from sight-seeing, I devoted them to collecting. 
My attention was chiefly, given to coleoptera and 
mollusca. The first jilace at which I stayed a 
day was Burgos. Here I fished some stagnant 
ditches, and obtained Colymbetes fuscus , Agabus 
bipustulatus , Hydroporus dxpressus , H. halensis 
and Dytiscus marginalis , the smooth backed form 
of the female being more numerous than the 
normal form. These ditches yielded a few fresh- 
water shells, viz. Limnaea ptregra , L. palustris 
and Planorbis nortex. The castle hill swarmed 
with Helix ccespitum , and under stones I took 
Brachinus sclopcta , Harpalus ceneus , II. caspius, 
and a Zabrus. 
I next stayed at Cordova, where Helix lactea 
was the most conspicuous snail. By the river 
side, Cartallum ebidinum abounded, and the 
pretty Chrysomela paludosa also occurred. Under 
a stone in a damp spot, I found a fine batch of 
Chlccnius velutinus , keeping company with a family 
of young snakes. The emerald coloured Hoplia 
farinosa was very common here. 
At Granada the most conspicuous beetles were 
the white-coated Asidas — (A. Ramburi) which 
were crawling on the dry hill sides among the 
eistus bushes. In the cistus blooms, Tropinota 
hirtella abounded. On the shingle by the River 
Darro were running many Paederi with the thorax 
only red — so I set them down as ,P. ruficollis , 
Fabr. Chrysomela Banksii was common and the 
rich coloured C. Americana , Aids acuminatus 
and a species of Tentyria swarmed about the 
roads and streets — I also met with Steropus glo- 
bosus , Cicindela campestris and a very large 
species of Lixus. 
Waiting an hour at Utrera junction, I examined 
some umbelliferous plants, and found the blooms 
attracting large numbers of the scarlet Trichodes 
spunctatus as well as Cistela ruhcollis. 
At Seville, the dung in pastures by the Guadal- 
quivir was full of the black Onthophagus tages 
and large Scarabaei, of which I identified Onitis 
