MICROLEPIDOPTERA OF NEW GUINEA 
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in Australia, and is extensive in both Central and South America, and may 
therefore be regarded as triendogenic. Less numerous, but even more 
brilliantly coloured Anticrates is endogenic in India and penetrates to 
New Guinea, Australia, and the Pacific. There are 5 Papuan species, one 
of which, described from the Territory of Papua, has developed a distinct 
subspecies in the Central Region. Three genera from the Central Region 
are described as new, of which Iriania was already mentioned in the 
chapter on the endemic fauna. 
The Amphitheridae, possessing in males, and sometimes in the two 
sexes, the unique feature of a ridge of hairs dividing the eye into two 
parts, are of interest, as the genus Amphithera, hitherto known by only a 
few species from India, Java, and Australia, seems to have originated 
from New Guinea, it forms there a zoocentre with nine species, eight of 
which were collected in the Central Region. The second genus is Chal- 
coteuches with one endemic species collected ; another species of this genus 
inhabits Tasmania. 
The Lithocolletidae, a family of leaf-miners, are non-committal, 
being represented by three cosmopolitan and three endemic genera only. 
The Epermeniidae and the Plutellidae will be discussed with the 
Alpine fauna. 
The Lyonetiidae are represented by the cosmopolitan Opoyona with 
seven species, all endemics of the Central Region, by Asymplecta, possibly 
of Malayan origin but also recorded from Australia, and by Orochion, an 
interesting endemic genus from high mountains. 
The Tineidae, a large, ancient family, are rather scanty in the col- 
lection. M onopis, Tinea and Narycia are cosmopolitan, Tinissa and 
Coryptilum are of Indian distribution. Five endemic genera are recorded 
from the Central Region, one of which, semitransparent Hyalaula, is 
quite remarkable by its deceiving Aegeriid appearance; it may be a 
mimetic of Hymenoptera. 
The Incurvariidae, a small family, mostly confined to the Northern 
temperate regions, were recorded from New Guinea for the first time, 
represented by one peculiar endemic genus with two species. 
The Adelidae are a cosmopolitan family, with the also cosmopolitan 
representative, Nemophora, counting 5 endemic and 1 apodemic species 
in the Papuan region. 
The fauna of the Grand Valley 
The valley of the Baliem River, situated north of the Snow Mountains, 
is bordered and almost completely isolated by high mountain ranges 
reaching 4000 meters in the North and 3000 meters in the South. This 
Grand Valley, discovered by Richard Archbold, is densely populated; 
through the activity of man it lost its primeval forests almost entirely 
and became a swampy plain covered with high grass. 
