184 
MICROLERIDOPTERA OF NEW GUINEA 
distinctly contrasted, and evidently in this case serving a protective 
purpose, being, as I think, imitative of bird excrement, and indicating the 
influence of a large insect-eating element in the fauna, such for instance 
as the birds of paradise. 1 have not overlooked the possible effect of such 
insects being easily noticeable to a human collector, but this would be 
equally the case in any fauna, and this particular fauna is in my opinion 
more remarkable for the prevalence of this colouring than any other in 
the world” (p. 503). 
In the collection of the expedition this phenomenon is also present but 
occurs not as frequently as one would understand from the above citation ; 
it is highly peculiar nevertheless. 
A silvery or snow-white ground colour of the fore wing with a series of 
black blotches or a black streak along the posterior part of the costa, 
mostly combined with a series of narrow interconnected dentations along 
the endings of the terminal veins, these dentations being preceded by a 
more or less developed pale yellow suffusion, is the pattern characteristic 
for the extensive Tortricid genus Chionothremma (part I, page 51). Some 
20 species are in possession of this pattern which may vary to some 
extent; the black terminal markings are often reduced, or there is a 
continuous marginal line, or only the apex of the fore wing bears a black 
dot. The close])’ allied monotvpic Diphtheropyga is similarly coloured. 
This colouring in itself is very peculiar in the family of otherwise rather 
uniform ochreous, fuscous, or brownish leaf-rollers. Perhaps it may have 
developed in correlation with the diurnal life-habits of Chionothremma. 
Still more striking is the occurrence of a very similar colouring and 
markings in certain species of other Tortricidae and also in quite distant 
families of the Microlepidoptera. 
The closest likeness with the Chionothremma pattern can be found in 
certain species of the Tortricid genus Chresmarcha , already discussed on 
pages 163 and 164 of the first part of this paper. This genus belongs to 
another tribe of the Tortricidae (Cacoeciini) and is, in fact, remote from 
Chionothremma (tribe Zacoriscini). Two species are known which very 
closely imitate the primary white and black pattern: the same costal 
markings, terminal streaks, and even pale yellow suffusion before these are 
present; moreover, Chresmarcha sybillina possesses an additional trans- 
verse series of black blotches, absent in C. delphica. As said above in the 
systematic part, the colouring of these species of Chresmarcha is so 
deceiving that for a long time they have been erroneously classified. 
The extraordinary imitating ability of Chresmarcha is still more clearly 
demonstrated by the third species (Ch. enaemargyrea) which is a close 
mimic of a quite different pattern of colouring, characteristic of certain 
genera of the Callidulidae (e.g. of many species of Damias), viz., white 
basal and deep wine-red apical half of the wing, these colours divided 
by a black streak. This species has been discussed already at some length 
on pages 163 and 164 of part I. The ability of Chresmarcha to imitate two 
