136 
Geological Observations , rfyc. 
Between the 325th and 330th miles we see, 6 or 7 miles to the south of us, 4 or 5 
cones, in a line rising out of the alluvial soil. They were evidently once continuous, 
as may be seen by the long heap of ruins which yet connects them ; and they are a 
remarkable instance of the extent to which these detached masses have suffered by 
degradation. 
About 10 miles after crossing the Son River, at a place called Jemorah, we 
come to a low range of hills, whose outlines are totally different from those we have 
just left. An outlying mass of this was near the road, a fine grained, highly conso- 
lidated, micaceous sandstone, yellowish, and greyish, splitting into thick layers, 
which might be used as flag-stones, or grindstones. This detached portion oftbe 
strata was nearly horizontal, but in the main range, as far as I could observe, the 
dip was regularly inwards, according to the direction of the range, which extended 
to the south and the west ; so that we had approached the formation at its N. E. 
corner. Some of the projecting points appeared to have been thrown up at a con- 
siderable angle. The height of this range is here inconsiderable, probably not above 
400 feet ; it runs parallel with the road for 3 or 4 miles, and then retires further to 
the south. It probably reaches to Chunar, and is the north eastern extremity of 
the great sandstone formation of Bundelcand. 
At Ghazlpur I have had an opportunity of observing the Kankar somewhat 
further. The pieces here are larger than I saw them at Bancureh, and in their 
fantastic shapes, resemble very much the flints in the English chalk. 
The bank of the river shows a section of a layer about 4 feet thick, formed of 
these pieces. This layer is gradually lost in the clay, above and below. In some 
places this layer or seam is double, with several feet of clay intervening. It some- 
times finishes, or the lower layer branches off upwards to the higher. 
It resembles the chalk flint too, in the manner in which the loose pieces are im- 
bedded in the clay, and in the layers being all composed of detached pieces. The 
clay itself is yellowish, probably from calcareous mixture, near the Kankar ; 
✓ Ut when pure ’ n ,s a stlff cIa y> of a light bluish colour. Such a deposit is not now 
formed by the river, which at present only deposits, here, a very fine sand. It is 
not, therefore, improbable, that the whole country around has once been the bed of 
a a *e, w ich a slight difference of level would yet make it, during the rainy season. 
n con rmation of this conjecture, and also as shewing the recent origin of 
an ar , I must state that I have found fresh-water shells, small Planorbes, and 
ragments of what I believe to be a Lymnaea, in the clay below a layer of Kankar. 
These shells may be distinguished from the recent ones which are washed into the 
rifts of the clay, by showers, and become imbedded in it, as it consolidates in 
, WCather ’ by their ver >' crumbling condition, so that it is hardly 
LT f th Pre ' SerVe Specimens ‘ The Lymnaea I have not yet seen recent in this 
part of the country, J 
The manner in which the Kankar piece, are found scattered over the whole of 
Imha, ,s a remarkable fact in Geology, and analogous t0 nothi , know ofelse . 
ri that ,T’ r -,“ S " a P er O" ‘he country between Baroda and Udey- 
country 9 im'T y T' ^ T n * llndant > “veral hundred miles to the west, and in a 
country similar to what I have now described, being principally composed of sieni* 
gramtm 1 am happy to find that I agree with so excellent an observer in opinion 
« to it, origin, viz. that it has been a deposit from calcareous springs. 
