303 
1831.] 
Of the 'Evolution of Rent, Spo. 
These observations cannot be considered a fair test of the accuracy a aina e 
with the instrument, because the accordance in the results depends part y on e 
exactness with which the N.P. distance of the stars used has been determine , 
respecting which it is known there is a good deal of uncertainty (to t e ' 
some instances of five seconds) among even the Greenwich stars (see e 
Perhaps the most satisfactory proof of the instrument s powei would e c ^ 
a comparison of a number of measurements made of angles on different pai 
circumference by observing several stars repeatedly, but this lequires mor 
than I can at present devote to the subject. , 
[Note.— L ieut. Fisher’s first table continues in the form of the two sej a ^ 
head of the list throughout his series of observations; but as the printing 
large, would have occupied a considerable space, we have ventuied to 
remainder, and put its contents in such a shape as still to shew t ie P° 
instrument, the variation in the readings of the two telescopes, an t ec* 
latitude from each observation. . . 
In the second table also we have omitted the two columns con ainin 
readings of the microscopes, and that containing the North Polar distanc 
stars, which latter may be found, if required, from the coriectec 
deduced latitude.— Ed.] 
11—0/ the Evolution of Rent, and the Distribution of Revenue, after 
the appropriation of tracts of Land. 
Before the more scientific employment of capital, which accompa 
creasing knowledge ; and before that concert and co-operation o . g 
Ua ^> which the employment of capital implies ; man s powei, we j &n( j j Jfi 
® all » of obtaining a clear surplus for his own peculiar use ; w e ier 
oltivates happens to be particularly fertile, or particularly the re\ ^ ca p a | ? £jj^y of 
n an infant society, in a country where population is scanty, ^ as is ulti- 
soil to yield nutriment to such quantity of useful vegeta un known, and 
w y found supporting a vastly increased population, is u rea ij ze no income 
se who originally appropriate certain portions of the - * 01 , ^ willing to 
teI y found supporting a vastly increased population, is realize no income 
se who originally appropriate certain portions of the so^ . g willing to 
'u their possession beyond what is obtainable by every o cleared, 
■opriate unoccupied tracts, and to put seed into the g roU ^ ^ aS ^ rec0 m- 
he incomes of men, in such circumstances, can be knov ^ each can take 
Se the labour they bestow ; for the small tract of no ^ c yg 0 f yielding 
} cultivation, with his limited ability to clear and dress , ever y one is free 
c t increase, only equal to the supply of his urgent wan ^ occur8 f or an exten- 
ll; ikenew appropriations of uncleared tracts, as the nec ^ time, secure 
1 of cultivation. The possession of the soil can t ieie 
Peculiar advantages to its occupant 1 . . 0 f labouring, and 
the numbers of men increase, and with them then P aQt j as the wealth 
aking, with the aid of capital, larger tracts under thei . • the qua- 
the above I am of course making no allowance fo ne jtber shall I ' n 
01 the soil as cannot fail to exist in all extensive trac ^ jhug sta „d on a w 
°wing reasonings. The general principles eluci a ’ j eSS involved ; am a 
er mined basis, and the discussion will be thus rende. ^ Station •" e * te “ » 
have ascertained the effects, on the development o me jiate effect 1 o 
ch « an attribute of the soil, we can determine tbe 
1 quality, which is an accident. 
