3C6 
[Nov. 
j4n Essay on the Game of Billiards. 
socket of the former. Another tool for the same purpose is shewn at fig. 13, 
which is formed like an acorn, the raised part of the acorn strikes against the edge 
of the pipe, and by that means it is forced down the bore. When it happens that 
an auger breaks in the hole, a tool similar to that shewn at fig. 14 is introduced ;on 
one side of this tool a curved piece is attached, for the purpose ot a guide to con- 
duct it past the cylindrical auger, and at the end of the other side is a hook, which 
taking hold of the bottom edge of the auger, enables it to be drawn up. 
Wrought iron, copper, tin, and lead pipes, are occasionally used tor lining the 
bore ; and as these are subject to bends and bruises, it is necessary to introduce 
tools for the purpose of straightening their sides. One of these tools is shown at fig. 
1 5, which is a bow, and is to be passed down the inside ot the pipe, in order to press 
out any dents. Another tool for the same purpose is shewn at fig. 16, which is a 
double bow, and may be turned round in the pipe for the purpose of straightening 
it all the way down. Fig. 17 is a pair of clams, for turning the pipe round in the 
hole while driving. 
When loose stones lay at the bottom of the hole, which are too large to he 
brought up by the cylindrical auger, and cannot be conveniently broken, then it is 
proposed to introduce a triangular claw, as fig. 18, the internal notches of which 
take hold of the stone, and as the tool rises brings it up. For raising broken 
rods, a tool like fig. 19 is sometimes employed, which lias an angular claw that 
slips under the shoulder of the rod, and holds it fast while drawing up. 
In raising pipes, it is necessary to introduce a tool to the inside ot the pipe, by 
which it will be held fast. Fig. 20, is a pine-apple tool for this purpose : its sur ace 
is cut like a rasp, which passes easily down into the pipe, hut catches as it is duiun 
up, and by that means brings the pipe with it. Fig. 21 is a spear for the same 
purpose, which easily enters the pipe by springing : at the ends of its prongs t lere 
are forks, which stick into the metal as it is drawn up, and thereby raise it. ^ 
These are the new implements for which the patent is granted ; in the process^ 
boring, there does not appear to he any thing new proposed, but that these setera 
tools are to be employed for boring, pecking, and otherwise penetrating, rdl ^ 
the earth, and extracting broken or injured tools. There are also Sllgg ®* rthe 
for employing long buckets with valves opening upward^in their bottoms, ^ 
puspose of drawing water from these wells when the water will not flow ov ^ 
surface ; also lift pumps, with a succession of buckets for the same pui rp° ^ 
as these suggestions possess little if any novelty, it cannot be intende 
them as parts of the patent. 
VI . — An Essay on the Game of Billiards. 
[Continued from p. 181.] 
Hitherto, a consideration of the game has beeu nearly confined to the b P ^ 
with, as it regards the different ways of striking it : To examine, and acco 
the effects of both, after hitting, will he the object of the next endea'v oui ^ 
Suppose a ball perfectly elastic 1 , as A (see fig. 14) and to hit another ^ ^ 
equal weight and size, as P, with their centres exactly in the line of dnec ^ ^ 
hitting or active ball will give up to it the whole oi its own motion, 
D f their 
1 Elasticity is that power which many bodies have towards a ^Tchanged 
original form, and would he called perfect, if equal to the foice tia er p eC tion> 
What immediately follows is as much a test, as a consequence o t 1S P 
but no body has yet been known to possess that property so amply. 
