4 Ins. 
XIII. INSECTA. 
contribution on the alimentary system of Anopheles. Tragardh describes 
the anatomy of larva of Epliydra , and Bongardt (148) the light-organs of 
Lampyridce. Rengel considers (1254) the relation of mesenteron and 
intestine in the larvae of Aculeate Hymenoptera , and Harling tells us of 
an Halictus with antennae replaced by legs. In development oogenesis 
is treated by Gross (640) and by Grunberg (648). Brues, in his paper 
on Stylopidce (225) describes a very peculiar form of oogenesis; there being 
apparently no egg-tubes the eggs are developed in connection with the 
fat-body. Marchal (968) has detected a second case of embryonic fission, 
this time in a Proctotryvid. C. Perez describes the metamorphosis of 
Formica rufa (1108) and gives an explanation of histolysis “on the base 
of a struggle for existence between the plastids of an organism.” Breed’s 
study (209) shows that in the metamorphosis of Thymalus the various 
muscles are affected in different manners, viz. are (1) taken over unchanged, 
(2) taken over with partial changes, (3) degenerate and are replaced by 
others. Cholodkovsky (310) has studied the development in Pediculidce 
and considers these insects to be, with Mallophaga , a distinct Order, to be 
called Pseudorhynchota. Tower contributes a very important paper on 
the development of the wings of Coleoptera (1538). It adds considerably 
to our knowledge of this difficult subject. This Savant in another memoir 
(1539) has carried the study of coloration to a farther stage ; he finds it to 
be due to an enzyme that causes the separation of coloring-matter from 
the soft freshly-formed chitin. It is suggestive that the formation of 
colour in the imago is thus correlative with the hardening of chitin ; and 
he also indicates its connection with mnscular insertion. The memoir is 
an instructive one though it is marred by certain teleogical expressions 
such as “the cuticula not being able to harden.” 
The Paris Academy of Sciences has bestowed the Gama Machado prize 
on the Countess von Linden for her memoirs on the pigments of the 
wings of Vanessa ; Giard & Others (620). Several papers by her have 
appeared on this subject (941-943). 
Bachme'FJEW gives an interesting article (58) on the vexed question 
of the nature of parthenogenesis as observed in the honey-bee. Buttel- 
Reepen discusses (252, 253) the development of the social life in bees. 
Prof. Poulton has contributed a well-illustrated paper on the effect of 
lichen-covered bark on larvae of certain Lepidoptera (1194). Oudeman’s 
study of the position of repose of Lepidoptera. (1099) is of considerable 
interest, and one can only wish that it were more extended. Miss 
Pritchett’s experiments in feeding lizards with protectively colored 
insects deserve attention, and Wasmann’s paper (1641) on symphily, and 
the secreting organs of myrmecophilous and termitophilous Insects is a 
considerable addition to a very interesting subject. 
Illig has a very good paper (752) on the scent-organs of Lepidoptera ; 
it is however rather brief and the histological details of the very beautiful 
plates are not quite adequately explained. 
In Ethology Nielsen’s paper (1066) on the developments of a fly that 
attacks a bee brings out several points of interest. Yon Ihering on Sting- 
less bees (748) gives much information and enables one to form for the 
first time a reliable opinion as to numerous important points in the biology 
of these social Insects. There has been, as he shows, very much confusion 
and error in previous publications about them. Wheeler has again given 
us a very interesting series of papers on bionomics in Ants : his paper on 
gynadromorphic forms is of particular interest (1682) and touches on the 
vexed question of determination of sex (so called) in Hymenoptera. Miss 
Fielde thinks that she has been able to localize sense appreciations, of 
highly special kinds, in Ants in particular segments of the antennae 
(508). Schenk describes the structure and function of the antennal sense- 
organs in Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera (1330). Margaret Holliday’s 
