TITLES AND BIOLOGY. (il, A, i, ii.) Echin, 37 
YABE, H. See Tokunaga (306). 
333. YATSU, N. “ Experiments upon the eggs of the common starfish.” 
Ann. N. York Ac. xv, p. 72. (Abstract.) [n, f, viii.] 
YOSHIWARA, S. See Tokunaga, S. 
334. ZELENY, C. A study of the rate of regeneration of the arms in the 
brittle-star, Ophioglypha lacertosa. Biol. Bull, vi, pp. 12-17, 
l text-figg. (Dec.) [n, d, vii, e.J 
Abstract : by P. Mayer in Ludwig (205). 
335. ZELIZKO, J. V. Ueber des neue Vorkommen einer untersilurischen 
Fauna bei Lhotka (Mittelbohmen). Yerh. geol. Reichsanst. 1903, 
pp. 61-65. (Feb.) [hi, b, iv, h.j 
336. . Prfspevky ku geologii krfdoveho utvaru v okolf Zeleznice u 
Jicfna. (Beitriige zur Geologic der Kreideformation in der 
Umgebung von Zeleznice bei Jicfn.) SB. Bohmisch. Ges. 1902, 
No. xxx, 13 pp. (April.) [in, b, iii, b.] 
337. ZIEGLER, H. E. Experimented Studien ueber die Zelltheilung. 
iv. Die Zelltheilung der Furchungszellen bei Beroe und Echinus. 
Arch. Entwickmech. xvi, pp. 155-175. 30 text-figg. (13 March.) 
[ii, F, iv, c ; viii.] 
Abstract : in Ludwig (205). 
338. . Ueber die Einwirkung des Alkohols auf die Entwickelung der 
Seeigel. Biol. Centrbl. xxiii, pp. 448-455, 5 text-figg. (June.) 
[ii, F, viii.] 
Abstracts: J. R. Micr. Soc. 1903, p. 484 (Aug.); in Ludwig (205). 
339. ZITTEL, K. A. von. Grundziige der Palaontologie (Palaozoologie). 
I. Abteilung: Invertebrata. 2nd ed., 8vo, viii + 558 pp., 1405 text- 
figg. Miinehen: R. Oldenbourg. M. 16.50. (Nov.) 
[ii, e, i, d. Ill, b, i. iv, a, c, F, G.] 
II. BIOLOGY. 
(A.) EVOLUTION. 
i. General Principles : — Hermaphroditism in Hoi., esp. Molpadidae 
and Synaptidae , a sign of degeneration ; Schapiro (284) p. 373. 
Tendency of some species to produce geographical forms more than 
others, illustrated b} r Leiocidaris pistillaris , Echinometra lucunter , 
Culcita , and Solaster papposus , pcrh. connected with differing duration 
of larval stage ; Doederlein (61) pp. 423, 439 : see also (62). 
ii. Relations of Echinoderma : — General evolution of Echino- 
derms from a segmented form, through a fixed stage, and division 
into two groups based mainly on relations of haemal and genital 
lacunae, Hoi. being associated with Pelmatozoa ; Russo (279). — 
Derivation of Echinoderms from Protocoelomata (p. 314) but adoral 
ciliated band not homologous with endostyle of Protocliordata (p. 296) ; 
MacBride (207). — The bilateral ancestor, modifications in views of 
Bury, McBride, and Bather, probably had 5 ciliated bands and apical 
tuft ; this banded condition primitive for all classes ; origin of radial 
symmetry, pentamerism follows outgrowth of 5 tentacles ; Grave 
(11 1). — Larva of Echinoderms compared with Gephalodiscus, pelmato- 
zoic stage of all Echinoderms ; Goette (105) p. 313. — Homology of 
larval nervous organ in Echinus , Asterias, and Tornaria ; MacBride 
(208 & 207). 
