44 Echin. 
XIV. ECHINODERMA. 
(185). (d) Nematode in body-cavity of Hymenaster (p. 34) and in 
genital gland of Diplasterias (p. 41) ; Ludwig (204). (f) An aulo- 
poroid coral attached to Dolatocr ., checking growth of arm-branches, 
and partly imbedded; Rowley ip Greene (119) p. 160. — Swellings 
on Grin, stems, general summary, and account of stems from the 
Carboniferous of Gascoyne District, W. Australia, infested by a 
fungus — Achlyites ; Etheridge (75) p. 25, pi. iv. (h) Injury and 
regeneration of ambulacrum in Pentremites ; Rowley in Greene 
(115). p. 121. 
ix. Echinoderms as Pood : — of corals, o.g. Euphyllia — ova and 
larvae ; Gardiner (98) p. 482. — Of tisli in English Channel — various 
Ech. and Oph. ; Todd (305) p. 557. — Of Gadus aeglefinus — Amphiura 
filiformis ; Petersen (259) p. 43. — Of man — protection and breeding 
of Stichopus, piles of stones to form retreats and nurseries ; Mitsukuri 
(224) p. 20. — Of man — Ech, ; Hamann (125) p. 1306. 
x. Echinoderms in Geological Aspect: — Hoi. spicules caught 
in Peridinia slime on floor of Adriatic ; Steuer (300). 
Stratum 1 foot thick exclusively composed of Fibularia gregata ; 
Howchin (149). — Ech. as constituents in coral rock ; Skeats (295) 
passim. — -Grin. fragments forming beds round Palaeozoic coral reefs, 
mode of origin ; Grabau (108). — Echinoderm fragments in Senonian 
rocks ; Lory (202) pp. 265, 270, 275, pi. i. — Echinoderm elements in 
composition of Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks near Besangon ; Deprat 
(58). — Middle Lias Marlstone of Tainton is “ a mass of ferro-crinoid 
segments, held together by a matrix of clear calcite” ; Walford 
(317). 
Mode of silicification of Ech. tests in the Chalk ; Meunier in 
DouvillIs (66) p. 97. — Ditto, Echinocorys ; Hanssen (127) p. 229. — 
Ditto in Upper Cretaceous of Egypt, assigned to “action des eaux 
mfittforiques sur la silice de la roche encaissante” ; Fourtau (91). — 
Mode of preservation of Grin, columnals in Devonian iron ore of 
N.W. Germany ; Harbord (128). 
Chemical tests for Echinoderm constituents of limestone ; Skeats 
(295) p. 66 : see also Meigen (218). 
Grinding of coral fragments into sand by Holothuria atra , Stichopus 
chloronotus , and numerous Ech . ; Gardiner (99). 
(E.) MISCELLANEOUS. 
i. Research and Instruction : — 
a. Preservation : — Solution of ether as narcotic for Oph., Ast., Ech., 
Hoi., occasionally supplemented by Magnesium sulphate or hot 
formalin ; Ostergren (243). 
b. Methods of research: — Rearing larvae, — on diatoms; Cowles 
(40) p. 126. — Ech., clean water containing food, also cooling in hot 
weather ; Doncaster (63). — Hybrid Ech. and study ; Doncaster 
(64) p. 120 . — Echinus and study ; MaoBride (207) p. 288. — Ast., 
see n, f, v, d ; Delage (49). Histological examination Ech. 
and Hoi. ova ; Guenther (121). Decalcification, section- 
cutting, and staining of Palaeopneustes ; Wagner (316). — Radioles 
of Ech. heated in potassium iodide show the fine alveolar structure 
well ; Roemer (274).— Method of preparing pedicellariae of Ech . ; 
Mortensen (229) pp. 10, 169. Machine for grinding fossils 
at regular intervals, and photography of serial sections, applied 
to Lapworthura and Ophiura ; Sollas (296). 
c. Museum Exhibits and Collections : — Aquarium at Port 
Erin, I. of Man, account of Echinoderms ; IIerdman (142) p. 79 
