BIOLOGY, (ii, D, ix, x : E : F, i— iv.) Echin. 45 
and fig. — W. P. Sladen collection of recent and fossil Echino- 
derms and library presented to Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter, 
briefly described ; Exeter (76) p. 94. — Type and figd. specimens 
of Palaeozoic Echinoderma in N.Y. State Museum ; Clarke & 
Ruedemann (31) pp. 63-80, 783-785. — Labels explaining skeletal 
anat. of Crin., with illustrative specimens ; Merrill (222) 
pp. 222-225, pis. lxii-lxix. — Slab of Uintacr. in American Mus. 
Nat. Hist. figd. ; Hovey (148). — U.S. National Museum, I. H. Harris 
Coll. Echinoderms from Ordovician of Cincinnati, Silurian of 
Waldron, Ind., and Carboniferous of Crawfordsville, Ind., and 
Burlington, la. ; Schuchert (288).— Comparison of the Hambach 
coll, of Blast, with that in British Museum, which, by omission to 
indicate any type-specimens in the latter, appears to exalt the 
former ; Hambach (126) p. 63. 
d. Instruction : — Text-books, — systematic summary ; Wilder (324). 
— General account of Echinoderms pp. 94-111, text-figg. 16-19 ; 
Wierzejski ('323). — Brief account of common French spp. of fossil 
Crin., Ast., Ecli ., esp. Ech. with original figg. ; Fritel (96a) pp. 46- 
70, pis. iii-vi. — Dissections of Ech. and Ast. ; Pratt (261). — Dis- 
sections of Asterias , Echinus , Holothuria ; Kuekenthal (173). — 
Demonstration of Echinus and Asterias to students ; Thomson & 
Rennie (304) p. 53. — Account of fossil Echinoderma with new 
woodcuts ; Steinmann (299) pp. 141-201. — Condensed account of 
fossils, down to families ; Zittel (339) pp. 123-226. — Account of 
fossil Pelmatozoa ; Stoppani (302) p. 201 & figg. 
ii. Economics : — see ii, d, ix, Echinoderms as food of man. 
iii. Bibliography : — Irish Echinoderms; Nichols (236) p. 234. — 
Echinoderms of Spitzbergen district; Michailovskij (223) p. 541. — 
Geology of French Pyrenees, with references to all occurrences of 
fossil Echinoderms; Carez (27) pp. 172, 231, 286, 390, 395, 404, 416, 
530, 553. — List of papers and summary of his work on Echinoderma ; 
Munier-Chalmas (232) pp. 30-36. — Hoi chiefly of Atlantic forms; 
Perrier (254) p. 541. — Supplementary, of Ech . ; Hamann (125) 
pp. 1318-1320. — Of Ech. since 1872; Mortensen (229) pp. 183-193. — 
Foss. Ech. Savoy; Savin (283) pp. 65-68. — Literary history of spp. 
of Ecliinocorys and Galeola from 1565 to date ; Lambert (176) 
pp. 98-138. — Artificial parthenogenesis ; Viguier (313) pp. 131-134. 
iv. Historical, Popular notions, &c.: — J. Bennie’s discoveries 
in Scottish fossil Echinoderms; Horne*( 147) p. 191. 
(F.) AUXOLOGY. 
i. General Principles : — Vacant. 
ii. General Accounts: — Vacant. 
iii. Formation of Gonads : — (b) in Stichopus ; Mitsukuri (224) p. 3. 
(b-c) Origin and meaning of nucleolus in maturing ova of Holothuria 
and Psammechinus ; Guenther (121). (d) Ova and ovaries of 
Ana,sterias chirophora\ Ludwig (204) p. 47. 
iv. Oviposition, Fertilisation, and Segmentation : — Breeding 
season of Stichopus japonicus ; Mitsukuri (224) pp. 1, 8. — Two breed- 
ing seasons in Anasterias chirophora ; Ludwig (204) p. 43. 
Criticism of Giardina (102) in Zool. Rec. for 1902 ; Buetschli 
( 26). — Reply, but Echinoderms not specially mentioned; Giardina 
(102).— Spermatozoa of Arhacia live in sea- water, when sterilized, 
from 48 to 133| hours, and retain fertilising power so long as they 
retain ciliary motion; Fischer (83). — Fertilisation 'in Asterias , Stron- 
gylocentrotus , and Arhacia , effect of mass of ova on spermatozoon, and 
