2 Verm. 
XV. VERMES. 
INTRODUCTION. 
Voigt (437) has monographed the Rotifera and Gastrotricha of the 
neighbourhood of Plon, describing many new species and genera, with 
systematic and biological considerations. Clerc (82) gives studies of the 
helminthological fauna of the Urals (mostly avian parasites). 
A monograph by Muller (301) deals with the development of Ascaris 
megalocephala. 
There lias also appeared a monographic study by Dixon-Nuttall & 
Freeman (119) on the Rotatorian genus Diaschiza , including a new species. 
A valuable contribution to the knowledge of Sipunculids and Echiurids 
has this year been given by Augener (13), who has described the 
Gottinger Museum Collection, many of which are new to science. CuiSnot 
(102) has devoted a paper to the Sipunculids and Echiurids of Arcaehon. 
The morphology, histology and physiology of Hirudo medicinalis has 
been monographed by Spiess (404). 
Stummer-Traunfels (419) contributes a memoir on the anatomy and 
histology of Myzostoma asterice. 
The morphology of Hirudinea is dealt with by Livanow (246), and the 
excretory organs and their functions form the subject of a monograph 
by Graf (167). 
The anatomy of Michaelsena macrochcetci is described by Pierantoni 
(333). 
Michaelsen (286) gives a full description of the numerous n. spp. of 
Oligochceta found in N.E. Africa ; they belong to the families Megascole- 
cidce and Glossoscolecidce. 
Schmidt’s (384) work on the musculature of Branchiobdella is very 
exhaustive, and Wacke (442) gives a detailed account of the Temno- 
cephalce. 
Histology is represented by a paper on Ctenodrilus by Galvagni (149) 
and by Goldschmidt (162) on the sense-organs of Ascaris lumbricoides 
and A. megalocephala , while Maziarski (273) has published his re- 
searches on the cytology of the segmental organs of earthworms and there 
is a paper containing much new material on the finer structure of the 
setae of Oligochaeta and Polychaeta, by Schepotieff (382). 
The northern Nemertina are monographed by Bergendal (28), and the 
Arctic forms by Burger (64). Coe (83) describes those from Porto 
Rico, while Treadwell (428) gives an account of the Polychceta from the 
same district. The free-living Nematoda of the Bay of Naples are 
described by Turk (432). The Polychceta of Zanzibar and British East 
Africa are described by Crossland (100 & 101). The Turbellaria of East 
Prussia are considered by Dorner (121). 
Graff’s (168) work on Turbellaria as hosts and parasites includes an 
account of a new family Genostomatidce. 
H^rubel (183 & 185) has contributed new matter on the distribution 
and affinities of Sipunculids, and also a paper on their comparative 
morphology and physiology. 
Much information has been added to our knowledge of Oligochceta from 
various parts of the world by Michaelsen (279-286). 
The Enteropneusta of the Maldives and Laccadives are monographed by 
PuNNETT (349), who also describes the Nemerteans of Norway (350). 
Laidlaw (223-227) treats with matters relating to Turbellaria , and 
gives many new species ; he also makes suggestions for a revision of the 
classification of Polyclad forms (225). 
The trophoccele theory is discussed by Lang (231). 
