CONTENTS, INTRODUCTION. 
IV. Systematic. 
a. Porifera, general 
b. Calcarea . . . . * 
(i) Homoccela 
(ii) Heteroccela . 
c. Hexactinellida .... 
(i) Lyssacina 
(ii) Dictyonina . 
d. Demospongis 0 .... 
(i) Tetraxonida . 
(a) Carnosa 
(b) Tetractinellida . 
(1) Chottstida 
(2) Lithistida 
(ii) Monaxonida . 
(a) Hadromerina 
(1) Aciculina 
(2) Clavulina 
(b) Halichondrina . 
(iii) Keratosa 
(a) Dictyoceratina . 
(b) Dendroceratina . 
(iv) Myxospongida 
E. Octactinellida .... 
f. Heteractinellida (vacant). 
G. Incertse Sedis .... 
Spong. 3 
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INTRODUCTION. 
I. The Zoological Record of Sponges for 1903 includes 60 publications, 
exclusive of abstracts or reviews. This number is a good deal below the 
average of the three previous years, but the fact that every one of these 
publications belongs to the year 1903, takes off considerably from the 
apparent poverty of the present Record. It is nevertheless a fact, 
sufficiently obvious from the subject index, that the year 1903 has been 
comparatively unproductive as regards. , additions to our knowledge of 
Sponges. 
II. In Biology, except for the important contributions of Cotte (9-14), 
upon sponge-physiology, there is but little to mention. Gorich (19) 
studies spermatogenesis, Urban (53) has a note upon the dermal 
epithelium of a calcareous sponge, and Sollas (49) has interesting obser- 
vations upon the structure of the horny fibres in a new genus of Keratosa. 
Under the heading of Bionomics there is nothing to record. Topsent (52) 
describes a remarkable type of armoured sponge-larva from one of the 
boring sponges. 
