biology, (ii, A, ii, iii: B, i, a — f.) EcMn. 39 
5. Skeletal Anatomy : — Apical system Schizaster , Tornquist 
( 316) p. 330 and fig. — Jaws, fossil epiphyses ; Hucke (143) 
p. 166, pi. xxiii. 
6. Hydrocoel &c. : — Vacant. 
7. Coelom &c. : — Vacant. 
8. Digestive System : — Branched caecum of intestine, Echin- 
arachnius ; Gregory (120). 
9. - Nervous System : — Nerves of pedicellariae ; Kiernik (154 
& 155). 
10. Mesodermal tissues (exc. skeletal) : — Histology of pedi- 
cellariae of Paracentrotus and Par echinus, esp. muscles, smooth 
and striped ; Kiernik (154 & 155). 
11, 12. Vacant. 
d. ASTEROIDEA. 
1. General Account: — Semi-popular; Sheldon (299) pp. 161— 
169.— Elementary “common starfish” ; Colton (62) i, p. 331. 
— Anat. notes on anus, podia, superambulacrals, Polian 
and Tiedemann’s bodies, caeca of gut, septa of body-cavity, 
arm-muscles, generative organs, and gonads of Ast. mostly 
deep-sea, dredged by Albatross, see genera under iii, a, iv ; 
Ludwig (197). — Anat. notes as above on /(«£. from S. Patagonia, 
see genera under iii, a, vi ; Ludwig (199). 
2. Symmetries: — Plane of symmetry of a J-larva is at right 
angles to plane of first cleavage ; Driesch (87). 
3, 4 Vacant. 
5. Skeletal Anatomy: — Pedicellariae; Ludwig (197) p. 9 et 
passim.— Actinolateral spines of Retaster are modified adambu- 
lacral spines ; Ludwig (199) p. 66. 
7. Coelom and other body-cavities : — Ventral blood-lacunae 
in Astropecten , Palmipes , and Asterias , anat. and histol. ; 
Pietschmann (256). 
8-10. Vacant. 
11. Axial organ in Astropecten, Palmipes, and Asterias , anat. 
and histol. ; Pietschmann (256). 
12. Genital organs : — Vacant. 
e. OP HI U ROIDEA . 
1. General Account : — Semi-popular ; Sheldon (299) pp. 169- 
171. 
2-1}. Vacant. 
5. Skeletal Anatomy : — Vertebrae composed of two successive 
ambulacral pairs (p. 165), mouth skeleton in primitive Oph. 
p. 167 ; Bather (21). 
6. Hydrocoel and associated cavities : — Podial pores 
restricted in Ophiozona, Ophiolipus, and Ophiura, podia 
absent ? ; Bell (25) p. 256. 
7-12. Vacant. 
f. CRINOIDEA. 
1. General Accounts : — Semi-popular ; Sheldon (299) pp. 151- 
160. — General form and size ; Hamann (129) p. 1445. — General 
anat. Pentacr. [ = /socr.] decorus, with good diagram section ; 
Reichensperger (267). 
2, 3. Vacant. 
h. Stereom -.—Integument and stereom ; Hamann (129) p. 1447. 
5. Skeleton : — General account ; Hamann (129) p. 1449. — 
“ Arm ” restricted to finial series (p. 166), “Syzygy ” restricted 
as proposed by Bather (21 Zool. Rec. 1897) (p. 167), “Synar- 
