BIOLOGY. (II, B, i^-iii : c : D, i, ii.) Echin. 41 
(214) & Przibram (262) p. 89. — Duplication of interradials in 
Cryptoblastus ; Rowley (282) p. 301. — Suppression of cirrus 
and corresponding swelling of process from chambered organ 
in Pentacr. \Isocr. j ; Reichensperger (267) p. 180. 
e. Abnormalities : — in tuberculation and in arrangement of podial 
pore-pairs, Gyphosoma abbatei ; Fourtau (99) p. 123. — Terato- 
genesis ; Przibram (262). 
iii. Secondary Sexual Characters : — 
a. Differences of Form or Structure: — Vacant. 
b. Differences of Colour: — Vacant. 
c. Protection of Young : — Davis (68) vi, p. 356. — Origin of, com- 
pared with symbiosis, instances in Echinoderma ; Giard (110) 
pp. 254, 256. — Marsupial petals in Amphipneustes koehleri ; Mor- 
tensen (220) p. 243. — “Eine Art von Brutpflege” in Asterina 
fimbriata ; Ludwig (199) p. 63. 
(C.) PHYSIOLOGY. 
i. General : — Vacant. 
ii. Circulation : — in ventral lactmae and podia of Ast. ; Pietschmann 
(256). 
iii. Respiration : — Davis (68) iv. p. 411. — Osmotic pressure of peri- 
visceral fluid in Thyone , Arbacia, and Astcrias ; Garrey (108). 
iv. Alimentation and Digestion: — Vacant. 
v. Excretion and its Products Lymphocyte formation in axial 
organ of Ast. ; Pietschmann (256). — Pigment of ova and larvae of 
Ech., its origin and biological value ; Garbowski (107) p. 615. — 
Pigment of Oph., esp., Ophiopholis belli , chemical and physical 
analysis ; Griffiths (123). 
vi. Sensation : — Sensation and sensibility. Have Echinoderms con- 
sciousness ? not necessary. List of observations bearing on conscious- 
ness that remain to be made (p. 260) ; Lukas (201). — Taxis and 
tropism ; Przibram (262). — Tentacle -reflex in Cucumaria ; Grave 
( 118). — Need of central nervous system for oxygen as proved by ex- 
periments on Echinus and Ophioderma ; Baglioni (12c). 
vii. Miscellanea and Experimental Physiology : — Introduction 
to experimental morphology * Przibram (262). — Protoplasm of ova 
broken up by centrifuge, Asterias, Strongylocentrotus , Sphaer echinus ; 
Gurwitsch (126). — Blood of Ech. no haemolytic action on blood 
corpuscles of bird and mammal ; Friedenthal (99a) p. 499. — 
Lecithin in sexually active gonads of Toxopneustes ; Loisel (194). 
(D.) BIONOMICS. 
i. General Accounts (a) popular; Gallup (104): Scherren 
(289).— Deep-sea Echinoderms, popular, Joubin (149) pp. 25, 119, 
figg. 21-24, 104-139. (b) Koningsberger (166) pp. 22-25. 
ii. Special habits : — Burrowing of Hoi . ; Davis (68) v, p. 230 : 
of Ophiocnida brachiata by podia ; Kemp (152) p. 181. — Phos- 
phorescent Diadema , Amphiura , Ophiacantha , Brisinga ; Puetter 
( 263) p. 23. 
iii. Habitat: — (a) of all species in Trondhjem Fjord ; Storm (309). — 
Various Hoi., Ech., Ast., Oph., see ill, A, ii, Faeroes and Iceland ; 
