Hpong. 1 
XVII. SPONGLE. 
BY 
Professor E. A. Minchin. 
CONTENTS 
Page 
Introduction 2 
I. Titles . . 3 
II. Biology 6 
a. Evolution and Phylogeny ...... 6 
b. Morphology * 6 
(i) General Accounts (vacaut). 
(ii) External Characters 6 
(iii) Anatomy of Soft Parts. Canal-System . . 7 
(iv) Skeletal System 7 
(a) General Accounts 7 
(b) Material of the Skeleton .... 7 
(c) Skeletal Elements, Morphology, Develop- 
ment, and Nomenclature of . . . 7 
(d) Skeletal Anatomy 8 
(v) Histology . 8 
c. Physiology 8 
D. Bionomics (vacant). 
e. Reproduction and Development . * * . » 8 
F. Miscellaneous 8 
III. Distribution. 
a. Geographical 
a. Marine 
(i) General 9 
(ii) Atlantic Ocean and Adjacent Seas * 9 
(iii) Indian Ocean and Adjacent Seas * * 9 
(iv) Pacific Ocean and Adjacent Seas * . * 10 
(v) Arctic Seas (vacant). 
(vi) Antarctic Seas (vacant). 
/3. Freshwater * ... 10 
