2 Spong. 
XVII. SP0NGI2E, 
[ 1905 ] 
Page 
b. Geological 
(i) General (vacant). 
(ii) Caiuozoic 10 
(iii) Mesozoic 10 
(iv) Palaeozoic . , • . .... 10 
IV. Systematic. 
a. Porifera, general 11 
B. Calcarea 1 1 
(i) Homocoela 11 
(ii) Heterocoela .11 
c. Hexactinellida 
(i) Lyssacina 11 
(ii) Dictyonina 12 
D. Demospongiae 12 
(i) Tetractinellida 12 
(1) Choristida 12 
(2) Lithistida * 13 
(ii) Monaxonida 13 
(a) Hadromerina 14 
(b) Halichondrina ...... 15 
(iii) ' Keratosa . . 24 
(iv) Myxospongida ....... 26 
e. Incertae Sedis 26 
INTRODUCTION. 
I. The Zoological Record of Sponges for 1905 includes only 48 publica- 
tions, exclusive of* abstracts and reviews. This number is much below the 
average ; but it should be noted that some of the memoirs recorded in 
the Record for 1904 (for instance, Nos. 36, 53 a, 54) should have been 
included in ihe present Record. 
II. Under tho heading Biology, the most important contributions are 
those dealing with tho skeleton. Woodland (47) describes tho formation 
of spicules in Calcarea, and Butschli (4), Maas (19), and Weinschenk 
(42) discuss the nature of the skeletal material of calcareous sponges, while 
Vosmaer & Wijsman (41) deal in a similar manner with siliceous spicules. 
Minchin (22) discusses the phylogeny of Hexactinellid sponges, and 
Dendy (8) develops some interesting views upon the phylogeny and inter- 
relationships of the Demospongiae. As regards anatomy and histology, a 
number of facts relating to various species are brought forward by U rban 
(39) for. calcareous sponges and by Baer(1), Dendy (4), Kirkpatrick (15), 
Pick (28), and Thiele (36) for siliceous sponges. There are no works 
dealing specially with Embryology in this year’s Record, and nothing to 
record under Physiology. 
