Tun. 2 
VI. TUNICATA, 
Caullery, M. Sur la morphologie de la larve compos^e d’une Synascidie 
( Diplosomoides Lacazii , Giard). C.R. Ac. Sci. cxxv, 5 Juillet 1897, 
pp. 54-57. 
Herdman, W. A. Plankton collected... North Atlantic...&c. Tr. Liverp. 
Biol. Soc. xii, p. 33. 
, in 10th Ann. Rep. Liverpool Marino Biology Committeo. Tr. Liverp. 
Biol. Soc. vol. xi. 
Lefevre, G. Budding in Ecteinascidia. Anat. Anz. xiii, No. 18, pp. 473- 
483; also Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ., Nov. 1897, p. 5. 
. Budding in Clavelinidae. Science, new series, v, No. 115, pp. 433-4. 
Metcalf, M. M. The follicle cells of Salpa. Zool. Anz. No. 534, pp. 
210-217. 
(Also Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ., Nov. 1897, p. 3.) 
. The neural gland in Ascidia atra. Zoological Bulletin, i, 3, pp. 
143-146. 
Matzdorff, C. Jahresber. u. d. Tunicaten, f. 1892-1893, Arch. Naturges., 
lix, 2 Bd. 2 Hft., pp. 1-40. 
Ritter, W. E. Notes on the structure and development of the type of a 
new family of so-called Social Ascidians from the coast of California. 
Science, new series, v, No. 115, p. 434. 
Seeliger, Osw. Tunicata (Mantelthiere) in Bronn’s Klassen und Ord- 
nungen des Thier-Reichs Bd. hi. Supp., Lief. 6-10, pp. 145-208. 
. Reviews of Tunicata papers in Zool. Centralbl. v. 
Todaro, F. Sopra lo sviluppo della parte anteriore del corpo delle Salpe. 
Rend. Acc. Lincei, vi, pp. 54-61, 1 fig. 
Valle, A. Della. Tunicata, Zool. Jahresber. 1896, 12 pp. 
II. BIOLOGY. 
a. Anatomy. 
Metcalf describes an Ascidia (A. atra ) from the West Indies having 
numerous lateral branches of the hypophysial (neural) duct each opening 
by one or more ciliated funnels into the peri branchial chamber. He 
compares this with the condition described by Julin and Herdman for 
Phallusia mammillata and by Roule for Ascidia Marioni and suggests that 
A. atra and the two last named species should all be placed together in 
the same genus. 
Ritter has found on the Californian coast a new compound Ascidian 
which with the essential structure of a Polyclinid such as Amaroucium 
has the external appearance, habit and separation of the ascidiozooids seen 
in Clavelina. The structure of the gonads and oviducts, the relations of 
the epicardiac tubes and the arrangement of the branchial tentacles how- 
ever make it impossible to place this form in the Polyclinidee or any 
existing family. Part of the oviduct is expanded to form a uterus. The 
development is abbreviated, and it is doubtful if there is any free- 
swimming larval stage. The embryos are nourished by amoeboid cells in 
the uterus. The peribranchial sacs arise as two well-defined ectodermal 
invaginations on the dorsal side of the embryo. 
Seeliger commences in his 6-10 Lieferung a very full and detailed 
account of the anatomy and histology of the simple and compound 
