2 Moll 
VII, MOLLUSCA. 
and subgenera have been invariably noticed in their place in the syste- 
matic portion, but not new species, as this course would involve an 
enormous increase in the size of the Record; the fact of new species 
having been described is, however, stated in the portion relating to 
Palaeontology. 
The main portion of the work of the past year has been of a systematic 
nature. Tryon’s Manual (475) has dealt with the Bulimuli on the one 
hand and the Scaphopoda on the other ; Pilsbry, in the terrestrial series 
having given special attention to the sculpture of the protoconch. Simroth 
(61) has in Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs made 
better progress than in the previous year and dealt in part with the 
Gastropoda. The ‘ Conchylien-Cabinet’ of Martini and Chemnitz (288) 
has steadily appeared, the published parts relating to Auriculacea, Scala- 
riidce , Turritella , Helix , and Columbella. Godwin-Austen (167) has, 
after some years’ interval, recommenced his study of the Indian land 
and freshwater Mollusca. Hoyle (212) has published a supplement to 
his Catalogue of recent Cephalopoda , in which he has carried his list to 
the year 1896. To Dautzenberg (112) we owe a well-illustrated work of 
a popular nature on the marine shells of France, while Adams (3) has 
issued a second edition of his work on the land and freshwater molluscs of 
Great Britain. The former author has also in conjunction with de Boury 
(114, 115) and Fischer (116-8) described many new forms from the 
careful dredgings carried out under the auspices of Prince Albert of 
Monaco. Locard (259) has issued the first volume of the Mollusca from 
the ‘ Travailleur ’ and ‘ Talisman ’ expeditions, relating to the Gastropoda ; 
his new species are dated, in general, 1896 — incorrectly; some being even 
referred to earlier years. To the pen of Kobelt (245) is due an interesting 
work on the Zoo-geography of the Palsearctic Region, based on the land 
and freshwater shells ; with Moellendorff (248) he has also commenced a 
list of the non-marine operculata. We may also call attention to the 
paper on the principles of nomenclature by Melvill (296), who has, 
further, with Standen (301), continued his studies on the marine Mol- 
lusca of the Loyalty Islands. Martens (281, 282) has written valuable 
works on the freshwater and brackish water fauna of the East Indies and 
the land and freshwater shells of German East Africa, this latter term 
being used by him in a wide sense ; also, after an interval, a continuation of 
the molluscan portion of the ‘Biologia Centrali- Americana’ has appeared. 
Sowerby (433) has issued a supplement to his work on the ‘ Marine 
Mollusca of South Africa,’ and Watson (603) has written a valuable 
account of the marine fauna of Madeira. A new synopsis of the non- 
marine Mollusca of the Palsearctic Region has been commenced by 
Westerlund (510), of which only one part — relating to the Bulimi and 
Pupae — has as yet been issued. Among faunal works relating to land 
ana freshwater shells we may note Biolley’s (40) catalogue of Costa Rica, 
the very valuable work of Ailly (4) on the Cameroons, and Smith’s (431) 
paper on Rotuma Island ; whilst Pilsbry (366) has issued a catalogue of 
the land shells of North America. Several papers by Suter (450-5) on 
the fauna of New Zealand will also repay attention. Moore (317, 318) has 
written a note or two on the fauna of Lake Tanganyika, of which subject 
more will be heard in future years. 
Bernard (33-8) has continued his valuable studies on the development 
and morphology of the hinge in the Pelecypoda. Several critical remarks 
will be found in the list of Cochlostyla given by Hidalgo (200) ; though 
his references to plates as yet unpublished in his £ 0 bras’ will probably 
cause inconvenience. Nautilus has received further attention from Willey 
(517, 518) and also from Griffin (173); the Muricidce have been studied 
by Baker (23), Cyclostrema and its allies by Bush (66), and the Pleuro- 
branchidae by Bergh (31); while the Ledidce and Nucxilidce have formed 
