2 JEchin. 
XIV. ECHINODERMA. 
d. Bionomics. 
(i) General 43 
(ii) Special habits 43 
(iii) Habitat 43 
(iv) Feeding . 44 
(v) Defence and Protection 44 
(vi) Locomotion 44 
(vii) Autotomy and Regeneration .... 44 
(viii) Parasites and Commensals .... 45 
(ix) Echinoderms as food ..... 45 
e. Miscellaneous. 
(i) Research and Instruction .... 45 
(ii) Economics 45 
(iii) Bibliography 45 
(iv) Historical 46 
P. Auxology. 
(i) General principles 46 
(ii) General accounts 46 
(iii) Formation of Gonads ..... 46 
(iv) Oviposition, Fertilisation, Segmentation . 46 
(v) Larval stages . . . . . . . 47 
(vi) Organogeny, 4-12, as under II, b, i . . 47 
(vii) Later growth-stages 47 
(viii) Experimental Embryology and Developmental 
. mechanics 48 
(Under each of the above a — h indicate Classes as 
under IV.) 
III. — Distribution. 
a. Geographical 49 
B. Geological 52 
IV. — Systematic. 
a. Echinoderma, general . 58 
B. Holothurioidea 58 
c. Echinoidea 63 
D. Asteroidea 84 
e. Ophiuroidea 93 
F. Crinoidea 99 
G. Cystidea 129 
H. Blastoidea .135 
K. Incerta) sedis .135 
INTRODUCTION. 
I. Titles. The larger bulk of the present list is due to three factors. 
First, the obvious one that it is the Record for 1896 as well as for 1897. 
Second, the actual increase in output of Echinoderm literature, there 
being 13 more titles for 1896 than there were for 1891 which was an 
exceptionally heavy year; 1897 too is well above the average. Third, the 
multiplication of Reviews, such as the Revue critique de paldozoologie and 
the ltivista italiana di Paleontologia, many of which contain critical 
notices of much value. 
The list is thus composed: No date (circa 1896), 1 title; 1885, 1; 
