36 Echin. 
XIV. ECHINODERMA. 
355. [Ziegler, H. E.] Einige Beobachtungen zur Entwicklungsgeschichte 
der Echinodermen. Verh. Deutsch. zool. Ges. 1896, pp. 136-154, and 
discussion p. 155. (1896.) [n, D, vi : F, iv; v, e; viii.] 
Abstracts by H. Ludwig: Zool. Centrbl. iv, pp. 178 & 179 (8 March, 
1897); in Ludwig (211). 
356. Zittel, K. A. von. Grundziige der Palaeontologie (Palaeozoologie). 
8vo, viii & 972 pp. (1895.) [n, B, i, (c, d, e, f, g, h) 1. hi, B, i. 
iv, A, C, D, E, F, G, H.] 
Abstract in Ludwig (200). 
357. & Eastman, C. R. Text-book of Paleontology, i, part i, 8vo, 
352 pp. (1896.) 
An adaptation of Zittel (356). Echinoderma, pp. 122-250, revised with 
help of C. Wachsmuth, W. P. Sladen, F. A. Bather, & 0. Jaekel. 
Reviews: — by S. C[alvin], Amer. Geol. xvii, pp. 314-316 (Nov. 1896); 
by M. Cossmann, Rev. crit. Pal. i, pp. 84 & 85 ; also Echinoderm chapters 
by J. Lambert, t. c. pp. 112 & 113 (July, 1897). 
Zoja, R. (181) Zool. Rec. 1895. Abstract by C. Emery, Annee Biol, 
i, p. 216 (1897). 
358. . Sullo sviluppo dei Blastomeri isolati dalle Uova di alcune 
Meduse (e di altri Organismi). Arch. Entwickmech. i, pp. 578-595, 
3 pis., and ii, pp. 1-37, 4 pis. (1895.) [ii, F, viii.] 
Abstract by A. Labbe, Annee Biol, i, p. 216 (1897). 
Zurcher, P. [See Kilian, W. & Zurcher, P. (160).] 
II. BIOLOGY. 
(A.) EVOLUTION. 
(i) General Principles : — The biogenetic law and progressive 
inheritance exemplified in Cystidea (p. 5); Phyletic stages in formation 
of skeletal (p. 154), tentacle (p. 155), coelomic (p. 156), ambulacral (p. 
157), subvective (p. 158), nerve (p. 159), and genital (p. 160) systems of 
Echinoderma', Haeckel (118). — Evidence of Evolution as presented by 
Actinocrinidce , no sign of race-growth or decline ; Miller & Gurley (234) 
p. 73. — Aaaricocnnus is the text of an attack on evolutionary paleonto- 
logists; Miller & Gurley (235) p. 9. 
(ii) Relations of Echinoderma;— to other Coelomata; Master- 
Man (219) pp. 68 & 69. — Referred to Archiccelomata ; Masterman (221) 
p. 331. — Relations to Hemichordata , with Stammbaum; Macbride (212) 
p. 395. — Comparison between Actinotrocha , Tornaria and Echinoderm 
lame; Masterman (220) p. 134. — Origin from an extinct class, Am- 
phoridea\ Haeckel (116) & (117) p. 393. — Origin and relations of Echino- 
derma (p. 161) with Stammbaum (p. 165); Haeckel (118). 
(iii) Phylogenies of smaller groups: — General phylogeny of 
Echinoderma and of each class; Stammbaume (pp. 379-381); Haeckel 
(116). 
Evolution and Stammbaum of Echinoidea\ Haeckel (116) pp. 481, 
489. — Evolution of Echinothuridce from Pedina , via Pedinothuria and 
Pelanechinus', Gregory (108). — Melonitidce , evolution of genera; Jackson 
(139) p. 190. — Phylogenetic tree of Perischoechinidce ; Tornquist (171) 
p. 734. — Evolution of Plesiocidaroida ; Gregory (110) p. 1004. — Phylo- 
geny of Scutellidce ; Lahille (176) p. 440. 
Relations of Asterids to other Echinoderms, “the least modified group”; 
Macbride (212) p. 392. — The ancestral form of Asteroidea inferred from 
living spp. ; Ludwig (210) pp. 453, 456. — Cryptozonia proved by post- 
