BIOLOGY. (II, B, i, a — d.) 
Eel tin. 39 
in Sperosoma grimaldi, Phormosoma atlanticum , and Asthenosoma hystrix\ 
Koehler (168) p. 307. — Polian and other vesicles connected with “lan- 
tern” of Regular Ecli ., term “ Polian” referred to interradial vesicles above 
teeth-roots, so-called Stewart’s organs in Echinothuridce are named “Sa- 
rasin’s ” organs; Uexkull (331). — Polian vesicles, their confusion with 
“ zahn-blasen ” and “ gabel-blasen ” in Ech. regulares , relations to the 
organs of Stewart and of Sarasin; Ludwig (201). — Homologies and 
history of the various vesicles just mentioned ; Uexkull (332). 
(7) Amcebocytes of ccelomic fluid in Echinus esculentus and miliaris 
form plasmodia, which may become reticular tissue; ThIcel (325) p. 50. 
(8) Gut, pharynx and teeth; Haeckel (116) pp. 479 & 480. — Intes- 
tinal siphon in Echinothuridce ; Koehler (168) p. 307. — Relations of jaws 
in Regular Ech. to various vesicles; Uexkull (331). — Amcebocytes in 
Ech. gut; Satnt-Hilaire (287). 
(10) Mesenteries and internal muscles of Spcrosoma and Phormosoma ; 
Koehler (168) p. 307. — Imbrication of plates, — in Melonites multiporus ; 
Jackson & Jaggar (140) p. 154. See also Tornquist (171 & 327). — Due 
to diminished calcification consequent on deep-sea life; Gregory (108) 
p. 120. — Rounded, as well as stellate, amcebocytes connected by proto- 
plasmic threads; Macbride (213). 
(12) Genital system : — H aeckel (116) p. 481. 
(d) ASTER0IDEA. 
(I) General accounts: — with ref. to fossils in British Museum; 
Gregory (112) p. 95. — With special reference to fossils; Zittel (356) and 
Zittel- Eastman (357). 
(5) Skeleton: — general discussion; Haeckel (116) p. 498. — Morpho- 
logical results of study of skeleton, pedicellaria, and appendages, in 
Mediterranean spp. ; Ludwig (210) p. 455. See also under spp. of 
which a list is given in hi. A. ii. Mediterranean. — Different regions and 
their importance in classification; Perrier (263) p. 12. — Madreporite, 
growth-stages in Pentagonaster placenta', Koehler (163) p. 455. — 
Superambulacrals in Plutonaster subinermis (p. 116), in IJacelia attenuata 
(p. 299) ; Ludwig (210). — Calcareous bodies in peristomial integument 
of Luidia ciliaris and L. sarsi (pp. 84, 104); Spicules in podia, inter- 
brachial septa, and gut- wall of Plutonaster subinermis (p. 116), of IJacelia 
attenuata (p. 299), of Ophidiaster ophidianus (p. 312); Ludwig (210). 
(6) Ambulacral system: — H aeckel (116) p. 501. — Podia in Pluto- 
naster subinermis (p. 116), in Pentagonaster placenta (p. 178), in Hacelia 
attenuata (p. 299); Polian vesicles, Tiedemann’s bodies in Plutonaster 
subinermis (p. 116), in Chcetaster longipes (p. 156), in Pentagonaster placenta 
(p. 179), in Palmipes membranacea (p. 267); Ludwig (210). — Papulae; 
Ludwig (198) p. 589. 
(7) Blood-vascular system (p. 604) ; Pseudhaemal system and lacunar 
system of integument (p. 616); Ludwig (198). — Lacunar system and 
ovoid gland, Asterias rubens and Asterina gibbosa ; CuIsnot (60). 
(8) Gut; Haeckel (116) p. 500. — Stomach and caeca of Pentagonaster 
placenta (p. 178), of Marginaster capreensis (p. 206), of Asterina gibbosa 
(p. 241), of Palmipes membranaceus (p. 266), in Ophidiaster ophidianus 
(p. 312); stomach-caeca and anus in Plutonaster subinermis (p. 116); 
Ludwig (210). 
(10) Longitudinal muscles of body-wall in Pentagonaster placenta 
(p. 178) ; interbrachial septa in P. placenta (p. 178), in Asterina gibbosa 
(p. 242), in Palmipes lobianci (p. 271); Ludwig (210). 
(II) See Cu&not (60), under d 7. 
(12) Genital system : — H aeckel (116) p. 501, & Ludwig (198) p. 591. 
— Of Luidia ciliaris and L. sarsi , and its connection with side-paxillae ; 
