46 Echin. 
XIV. ECHINODERMA. 
on Echinoderm palaeontology ; Gauthier (97). — Literature of Echinoderma 
for 1895, with abstracts; Ludwig (200). — Ditto, for 1896; Ludwig (211). 
— Reviews of various papers on segmentation and karyokinesis in Echino- 
derma ; Erlanger (79-82). — Account of recent English writings on ex- 
perimental embryology; Driesch (74). — Literature of Developmental 
Mechanics, and Abstracts ; Mayer (222 & 223). — Literature of Japanese 
IIol. ; Mitsukuri (237) p. 405. — Bibliography of Holothurian anatomy 
with special reference to Caudina arenata ; Gerould (100) p. 183. — 
Bibliography of Palaoozoic Echinoids ; Toiinquist (171) p. 726: Jackson 
(139) p. 244. — Dates of Duncan “Revision of Genera... of Echinoidea” 31 
Dec. 1889; of Pomel “Revue des Echinodermes” 1869; and of Desor 
“ Echinologie helv^tique ” ; Lambert (179) pp. 494, 495, 505. — Notice sur 
G. Cotteau ; Desmazieres (65). — Literature of recent Ast., with special 
reference to Mediterranean species; Ludwig (216) p. 479. — Literature 
of Ast. of Chile and Magellan ; Meissner (229) p. 107. — History of 
literature on Crin. esp. palaeozoic; Wachsmuth & Springer (336) pp. 
11-31. — Appreciation of C. Wachsmuth’s work on palaeozoic Crinoids; 
Bather (23): and bibliography; Keyes (154). — Bibliography of Cystidea ; 
Haeckel (118) p. 170. 
(iv) Historical, Popular notions, &e.: — Spatangus purpureus 
known as Monk’s eggs, i.e. eggs of Squalus squatina , at Scarborough ; 
Grabham (103). 
(F.) AUXOLOGY. 
(i) General Principles : — Roule (283). 
(ii) General Accounts : — Embryology of Echinoderma ; Roule 
(283). — Echinoderm reproduction and development; Bather (26) p. 314. 
— Nature of the metamorphosis of Echinoderma, the Pentactaea theory, 
ontogeny, &c. ; Haeckel (116) pp. 349, 361. — Development of Synapta 
vivipara ; Clark (53) p. 280. 
(iii) Formation of Gonads : — Sexes distinct in Chirodota dune - 
dinensis ; Dendy (63) p. 27. — Oogenesis in Caudina arenata , also in parts 
Cucumaria frondosa (pp. 172-178): Spermatogenesis in Caudina arenata 
(p. 178); Gerould (100). — Development of ova in Asterias rugispinosa , 
peculiarities correlated with temporary brood-pouch; Leipoldt (186). 
(iv) Oviposition, Fertilisation, and Segmentation : — Arti- 
ficial fertilisation of Echinus esculentus ; Turbyne in Chopin (49). — 
Fertilisation of ovum and subsequent changes in Echinus microtuber- 
culatus ; Lautenbach (183). — Breeding-period of Mediterranean Ast. dis- 
cussed (p. 439), as also in detail under the species {vide Asterias , Asterina , 
Astropecten, Brisinga , Chcetaster, Echinaster, Luulia , Palmipes) ; Ludwig 
(210). — Reproduction of Asterina gibbosa, no protandry, ?ever partlieno- 
genetic; Ludwig (210) p. 241. 
General account of cellular physiology including references to Echinoderm 
ovum; Wilson (350). — Protoplasmic connection between cells of segment- 
ing ovum of Echinus miliaris, and account of it as previously seen, though 
not recognised, in Toxopneustes variegatus, T. lividus , Sphcerechinus brevi- 
spinosusy and other Ech., Ast., and Oph . ; Hammar (123). — Comparison of 
Hammar (123) and later papers, and Wilson (350), with intercellular 
connection in Lamellibranch ova and that of the “ Echinus common at 
Roscoff” ; Andrews (7). — Pseudopodia of ova of Arbacia , Echinus [ought 
this not to be Strongylocentrotus UvidusX], and two species of Asterias ; 
Andrews (8). — Polar bodies in living blastula of Asterias common at 
Roscoff, connected by protoplasmic threads ; Andrews (6) p. 14, f. 16. — • 
