48 Echin. 
XIV. ECHINODERMA. 
Mitsukuri (238). — Brephic Chiridota contorta in brood-pouch; Ludwig 
( 204). — Brephic P solus antarcticus in brood-pouch ; Ludwig (205). 
(c) Growth-stages of Echinoids generally, and the possibility of in- 
ferring them from adult structure; exemplified by Melonites giganteus 
(p. 181), Oligoporus coreyi (p. 188), Arcfueocidaris wortheni (p. 219), also 
Lepidechimis (p. 228), the last compared with growth-changes in stems of 
Pentacrinidce ; Jackson (139). — Growth of Melonites multiporus by inter- 
calation and growth of plates; Jackson & Jaguar (140) p. 138. — Growth- 
stages of apex in Toxaster spp. compared with Lampadaster ; Lambert 
( 178). — Measurements of growth-stages in spp. of Salenia from Cretaceous 
of S. W. France, principles of measurement discussed and exemplified on 
pp. 2-4; Arnaud (15). — Neanic Monodiadema cotteaui with age-differ- 
ences in ambulacral areas; Gauthier (98) p. 13. — Growth-stages of Mono- 
phora darwini ; Lahille (176) p. 430. 
(d) General relations of growth inferred from study of Mediterranean 
Ast . ; Ludwig (210) p. 455. — Growth-stages of madreporite in Pentago- 
naster placenta ; ICoeiiler (163) p. 455, & (164) p. 67. — Brephic stages of 
Mediterranean Ast . ; Ludwig (210) p. 339, see also under Asterias glacialis, 
A. richardi , Aster ina gibbosa, B rising a coronata , Chcetaster longipes, Echin- 
aster sepositus , Hacelia attenuata , Luidia ciliaris , L. sarsi ( = Astrella 
simplex ), Marginaster capreensis i Palmipes membranaceus , Pentagonaster 
placenta , Plutonaster bifrons , and P. subinermis . — Brephic Echinaster 
sepositus of Phanerozonic appearance, gradual change to adult Cryptozonic 
stage; Ludwig (207): for details, see Ludwig (210). — Brephic and Neanic 
stages of Calycaster moncecus\ Perrier (263) p. 28. — Neanic Penta- 
gonaster placenta described as P. minor ; Koehler (164) p. 61. — Neanic 
specimens of Zoroaster trispinosus ; Koehler (163) p. 443 & (164) p. 43. 
(e) Centrodorsals in young of Ophioglypha imbecillis and Ophiomusium 
familiare\ Koehler (169) pp. 303 & 305. — Neanic Amphiura angularis ; 
Koehler (166) p. 244. — Age of Ephebic Ophioglypha texturata ) with table 
of measurements ; Mortensen (244) p. 321. 
(f) Ontogeny of Platycr . ; Wachsmuth & Springer (336) p. 652. 
(viii) Developmental mechanics and Experimental Em- 
bryology : — Account of English and American work ; Driesch (74). — 
Reviews of various papers; Erlanger (79-82). — Cell- mechanics and Ech. 
ovum; Reinke (278). — Effect of individual peculiarities in experimental 
embryology ; Driesch (73). — Irritability of mesenchyme cells in developing 
Echinus microtuberculatus ; Driesch (75). — Sperm-ovum segments into 
portion with spermatozoon nucleus and portion with ovum nucleus; 
Ziegler (355) p. 148. — Centrosome and central spindle in unfertilised but 
segmenting ova of Asterias ; IIertwig (127). — Ova of Toxopneustes lividus 
and Echinus microtuberculatus though unripe respond to approach of 
spermatozoa; Schenk (294). 
Echinus tuberculatus $ Strong ylocentrotus lividus £ , study of karyoki- 
nesis ; Boveri (42). — Bastard-larvu) of Echinus microtuberculatus $ -f- 
Sphcerechinus granulans 9 ; Seeliger (303 ). — Asterias rubens + Echinus 
esculentus $ and vice versa, ova lived 12 days, not stated if segmentation 
took place ; Tuiibyne in Chopin (49). 
Restoration of balance in outer form of folded blastulee of Echinus and 
Asterias , development of gut in deformed blastuloe and conditions which 
regulate it; Driesch (76). — Development of isolated blastomeres in 
Strong yloceiitrot us lividus ; Zoja (358). — Blastulai of Sphcerechinus and 
gastrulte of Asterias chopped up to see where power of cells to form com- 
plete individuals stops ; Driesch (72). — Cleavage of ovum under com- 
pression in Echinus microtuberculatus ; Ziegler (354) p. 67. 
Astrospheres induced in Sphcerechinus ovum by adding salt to water; 
Morgan (243). — Concentrated sea- water induces fragmentation of nucleus 
