BIOLOGY, (ii, f, vii, viii.) distribution, (iii, A, i, ii.) Echin. 49 
without segmentation of ovum; Loeb (190). — Mitosis induced in ova of 
Arbacia by concentration with magnesium chloride ; Norman (249). — Ova 
of Toxopneustes lividus treated with diluted sea-water, removal of egg- 
substance, nevertheless followed by development ; Rawitz (275). — Mesen- 
chyme formation in gastrula of Echinus microtuberculatus checked by 
addition of 1% glycerine to sea- water; Ziegler (355) p. 137. — Narcoti- 
sation of Ech. ova, and study of karyokinesis ; Doflein (70). 
III. DISTRIBUTION. 
A. GEOGRAPHICAL. 
(i) General. 
Preponderance of Echinoderma in deep-sea dredgings as compared with 
shallow-water ; Murray (24G) p. 488, footnote. 
(ii) Atlantic Ocean and adjacent Seas. 
Atlantic, — Elasipoda, dredged by “Travailleur” & “Talisman,” 2 new 
genera, 10 n. spp.; Perrier (265). 
Norway, — S. griegi , n. sp., W. of Utvaer; Ostergren (254) p. 4. — Buk- 
kenfjord, list of Hoi., Ast ., Qph ., Ech., 39 spp. in all; Grieg (113). — 
Bergen, Osterfjord, Brisinga endecacnemos (pp. 4 & 5) ; Amphiura norwe- 
gica, Cucumaria hispida , Astropecten andromeda (p. 5) ; Holotliuria tremula , 
large specimen only 10 fathoms (p. 6) ; Astrophyton linclci on Muricea 
(p. 7) ; and general list of IIol., Ech., Ast., Oph. (pp. 12 & 13) ; Appellof 
(!3). 
Baltic, — plankton, Ophiurid Pluteus , not found E. of Fehmarn, no other 
Echinoderma', Aurivillius (17). — Aster acanthion and Ophioglypha are 
the only Echinoderms ; Brandt (43). 
Limfjord, Denmark, Ech., Ast., Oph., immigrant since 1884; Morten- 
sen (244) p. 315. 
The German seas, general account of Echinoderma ; Marshall (217). — 
Elbe mouth, Echinus esculentus and Asteracanthion rube?is; Dahl (62) 
p. 172. 
Coast of Belgium and Netherlands, list of Hoi., Ech., Ast., Oph. ; Mait- 
land (215). 
Scotland, E. coast, — Echinus norvegicus, between the Long Forties and 
Gt. Fisher Banks, 100 miles N.E. by E. of Aberdeen, 85 miles E. of 
Buchan Ness, 60 fathoms ; 70-80 miles off E. Shetland, 70-80 fathoms ; 
and 70 miles E. of Aberdeen, 75 fathoms; Simpson (310). — Aberdeenshire, 
Echinus acutus ; Sim (309). 
England, E. coast, — Lindisfarne, Hippasterias plirygiana vel Penta- 
gonaster granularis\ Sutton (322) and Distant (67). — Earn Is., Ophiocoma 
nigra ; Sutton (322). — Scarborough, Ech., Ast., Oph.', Grabham (103).— 
Ur aster, Solaster, and Ophiura texturata , dredged off mouth of R. Colne ; 
Sorby (315) p. 168. 
English Channel, — Straits of Dover, dredgings, Ech., Opli., Ast. ; Sau- 
vage (289). — Eddystone, Ophiactis balli ; Prawl Point, 0. balli and Ophiura 
ajjinis', S. of Bolt Hd., Echinocardium pennatifidum ; Allen (2) p. 165. — 
Plymouth pelagic fauna of two years contrasted, Plutei and Bipinnarice ; 
Browne (46) p. 170. 
List of Echinoderma from Irish Sea; Herdman (125) p. 432. 
Scotland, W. coast, — Antedon bifida , Palmipes membranaceus, Echinus 
norvegicus , with other Oph., Ast., Ech., and Hoi. ; Scott (301) pp. 175, 
189. — Cumbrae, Amphiura chiajii ; Chopin (49). — Brissopsis lyrifer , 
