58 Echin. 
XIV. ECHINODERMA. 
IY. SYSTEMATIC.! 
(A.) — ECHINODERMA in General. 
Systematic Synopsis ; Belzung (35) pp. 503 & 504. 
Classification into Holothurides, Echinides, Stell^rides, Crinoides, and 
Radiolaires, the last being associated by reason of their ground-plan, 
no distinction recognized between Protozoa and Metazoa; Villot 
(334, 1 April, 1891). 
Divided into Pelmatozoa , Aster ozoa, and Echinozoa , the last incl. Hoi . ; 
Zittel (356) p. 113. 
Classification of Echinoderma, its principles (p. 368); Haeckel (116). 
System of Echinoderma ; Haeckel (118) p. 164: thus expressed by 
Haeckel (116) p. 378 : 
Cladomes 
I 
Monorchonia 
(Noncincta) 
II 
Pentorchonia 
orocincta 
III 
Pentorchonia 
pygocincta 
Classes 
’ Amphoridea 
Thuroidea 
Cystoidea 
Blastoidea 
Crinoidea 
' Echinidea 
Ophiodea 
k Asteridea 
Sub-classes 
Amphoralia 
Amphoronia 
Paractinota 
Actinopoda 
Microplacta 
Megaplacta 
Eublastoida 
Parblastoida 
Palacrinida 
Neocrinida 
Palecliinida 
Autechinida 
Palophiura 
Colophiura 
Palasterida 
Colasterida 
Anolena , a physiological grouping of armless classes, Cyst Blast.. Hoi.. 
Ech. ; Haeckel (116) p. 373. 
Monorchonia , sub-phylum nov., includes Holothurioidea,= Anactinogoni- 
diata Bell; Haeckel (116) p. 371 & (117) p. 403. 
Olenata , a physiological grouping of armbearing classes, Crin., Ast., Oph . ; 
Haeckel (116) p. 373. 
Orocincta , super-class nov., includes Blast, and Crin. ; Haeckel (116) 
p. 372 & (117) p. 403. 
Pentorchonia , sub-phylum nov. — Actinogonidiata, Bell; Haeckel (116) 
p. 372 & (117) p. 403. 
Pygocincta, super-class nov., includes Ech., Ast. and Oph. ; Haeckel (116) 
p. 373 & (117) p. 403. 
(B.) — HOLQTHURIOIDEA. 
List of Japanese species; Mitsukuri (237). 
Relations of IIol. to Cystidea ; Haeckel (118) p. 8. 
f A dagger prefixed to the trivial name of a species indicates that it is fossil; 
prefixed to the name of the author, it denotes that the reference is to the species in 
a fossil state; prefixed to the name of a genus, it indicates that all species of the 
genus here recorded are fossil, and the f is therefore not repeated before each 
name. The abbreviations l. c. and op. cit. refer only to the place or work quoted 
immediately before. Ibid, is used when the locality and horizon are the same as 
those of the preceding item. 
A name and reference quoted without further statement ( e.g . “ Anhjroderma daniels- 
sent ; H£rouard,” on p. 59) indicate that the quoted author’s statement refers merely 
to locality or some question of slight importance. Further information can usually 
be gleaned from the cross-references to II and III, given under Titles. 
