84 Echin . 
XIV. ECHINODERMA. 
p. 722, & (158) p. 893; Kilian & Zurcher (160) p. 963; Lambert in 
Kilian & Leenhardt (159) p. 973: apex varying in direction of 
T. africanus, figured; Lambert (178) p. 321. — T. aff. T. granosus , 
Lower Neocomian of Venascle; Lambert in Kilian & Leenhardt 
(159) p. 974. — T. granosus , var. or perhaps n. sp. ; Lambert in Kilian 
(157) p. 726, footnote. — T. cf. neocomiensis , with abnormal apical 
system; Lambert in Kilian & Leenhardt (159) p. 979, fig. 1. — T. 
returns ; Kilian (157) pp. 734, 746, and Lambert in Kilian (157) 
p. 736; Kilian (158) p. 893; Kilian & Leenhardt (159) pp. 976, 
980; Kilian & Zurcher (160) pp. 964 '& 965: variation in apex; 
Lambert (178) p. 320 —T. cf. retusus ; Kilian & Leenhardt (159) 
p. 975. — T. ricordeaui; op. cit. p. 977. — T. roulini , carefully redescr. 
and figd on evidence of 71 specimens from Aptian of Zapatoca 
(Santander) in Cordilleras of Bogota; Gerhardt (99) p. 189. — T. 
subcavatus , development of apex; Lambert (178) p. 321. — T. aff. T. 
subcylindricus , Lower Neocomian of Moustiers (Basses- Alpes) ; Lam- 
bert in Kilian & Leenhardt (159) p. 974. 
T. libanoticus , Cenomanian, Lebanon ; Loriol (195) Rev. Suisse Zool. v, 
p. 166, pi. vii. — T. lorioli , Valanginien of Basses- Alpes, also inch T. 
ricordeaui of “ Echinologie Helvdtique,” pi. xxviii, fig. 5 ; Lambert in 
Kilian & Leenhardt (159) Bull. Soc. geol. France (3) xxiii, p. 974 : 
n. spp. 
\Toxobrissus michelotti should be Brissopsis ; Botto-Micca (41) p. 351. 
Toxopneustes variegatus ; Duerden (77) p. 285. 
t Treinatopygus d’Orb., maintained but restricted, includes Plagiochasma 
Pomel and Dochmostoma (pars) Duncan, genotype is Nucleolites olfersi 
Agassiz; Lambert (180) p. 160.— T. oblongus d’Orb., referred to 
Lychnidius ; Lambert (180) p. 163. 
t Tretechinus, n. g., with genotype T. illinoi semis (olim Perischodomus ) 
Worthen, St John, & Miller; Tornquist (327) Abh. geol. Karte 
Elsass, v, p. 784. 
TrigonocidaHs albida ; Koehler (163) p. 472, & (164) p. 90. 
t Triplacidia) place in system; Lambert (179) p. 497. — T. vandenheckei 
nov. var. rothpletzi , Lithothamnium limestone, Haskovo, Bulgaria; 
Bontscheff (40) Jahrb. geol. Reichsanst. xlvi, p. 368. 
Tripneustes\ — \T. parkinsoni ; Mazzetti (225) p. 418. — T. variegatus , 
Klein, Kermadec Is., descr. and measured ; Farquhar (83) p. 188. 
f TyphlechinuS) syn. of Palechinus ; Tornquist (327) p. 737, footnote. 
\Trochalosoma , nom. nov. pro Leiosoma Cotteau non Brandt, genus 
defined and placed in system ; Lambert (179) p. 515. 
t Xenocidaris, provisionally retained in Archceocidaridce on account of 
spines of genotype X. clavigera ; Jackson (139) p. 222. — X. clavigera\ 
Beyer (38) p. 89, pi. iii, figg. 80 & 81. 
t Zeuglopleurus, syn. of Echmocyphus ; Lambert (179) p. 496. 
(D.) — ASTEROIDEA. 
Classification, history of Perrier’s views since 1884, criticism of Viguier’s 
and Sladen’s schemes, the Euasteroidea are thus classified: Ord. i. 
Forcipidata , Famm. Bi'isingidce, Pedicellasteridce, Zoroasteridce, JSti- 
chasteridce f Asteriidce ; ii. Sjpinulosa , Famm. Echinasteridce , Solaste- 
ridee , Pterasteridce , Asterimdce ; ill. Valvulata , Famm. Linvkiidw , 
Pentagonasteridce ; iv. Paxillosa , Famm. Ar chaster idee , Astropecti- 
nidce\ Perrier (263). 
Defined (p. 496), classified (p. 502), in the following system (p. 504) ; 
Haeckel (116): — 
